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Majjhima Nikāya 117

Mahācattārīsakasutta

The Great Forty · Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato, SuttaCentral

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whatKatamā andca, monksbhikkhave, wrong speechmicchāvācā?
false speechMusāvādo, backbitingpisuṇā speechvācā, harshpharusā speechvācā, nonsensical speechsamphappalāpo—
thisayaṁ, monksbhikkhave, wrong speechmicchāvācā.

whichKatamā andca, monksbhikkhave, right speechsammāvācā?
right speech, I say, isSammāvācampahaṁ, monksbhikkhave, twofolddvāyaṁ I sayvadāmi—
there isatthi, monksbhikkhave, right speechsammāvācā accompanied by defilementssāsavā partaking of meritpuññabhāgiyā ripening in attachmentsupadhivepakkā;
there isatthi, monksbhikkhave, right speechsammāvācā nobleariyā undefiledanāsavā transcendentlokuttarā a factor of the pathmaggaṅgā.

whatKatamā andca, monksbhikkhave, right speechsammāvācā accompanied by defilementssāsavā partaking of meritpuññabhāgiyā ripening in attachmentsupadhivepakkā?
from false speechMusāvādā refrainingveramaṇī, divisivepisuṇāya speechvācāya refrainingveramaṇī, harshpharusāya speechvācāya refrainingveramaṇī, from frivolous chattersamphappalāpā refrainingveramaṇī—
thisayaṁ, monksbhikkhave, right speechsammāvācā accompanied by defilementssāsavā partaking of meritpuññabhāgiyā ripening in attachmentsupadhivepakkā.

whatKatamā andca, monksbhikkhave, right speechsammāvācā nobleariyā undefiledanāsavā transcendentlokuttarā a factor of the pathmaggaṅgā?
which indeedkho, monksbhikkhave, intent on the nobleariyacittassa intent on the undefiledanāsavacittassa who possesses the noble pathariyamaggasamaṅgino the noble pathariyamaggaṁ developingbhāvayato from the fourcatūhi bad verbal conductvacīduccaritehi desistingārati abstainingvirati abstinencepaṭivirati refrainingveramaṇī—
thisayaṁ, monksbhikkhave, right speechsammāvācā nobleariyā undefiledanāsavā transcendentlokuttarā a factor of the pathmaggaṅgā.

heSo of wrong speechmicchāvācāya for giving uppahānāya makes an effortvāyamati, for right speechsammāvācāya for embracingupasampadāya; of him thissvāssa ishoti right effortsammāvāyāmo.
heSo mindfulsato wrong speechmicchāvācaṁ gives uppajahati, mindfulsato right speechsammāvācaṁ having taken upupasampajja dwellsviharati; of him thissāssa ishoti right mindfulnesssammāsati.
so theseItiyime threetayo thingsdhammā around right speechsammāvācaṁ keep running afteranuparidhāvanti keep circling aroundanuparivattanti, that isseyyathidaṁ—sammādiṭṭhi, right effortsammāvāyāmo, right mindfulnesssammāsati.

there; in that contextTatra, O monksbhikkhave, right viewsammādiṭṭhi forerunner; comes firstpubbaṅgamā ishoti.
and howKathañca, O monksbhikkhave, right viewsammādiṭṭhi forerunner; comes firstpubbaṅgamā ishoti?
wrong actionMicchākammantaṁ 'wrong action'‘micchākammanto’ti understandspajānāti, right actionsammākammantaṁ 'right action'‘sammākammanto’ti understandspajānāti; of him, that is; he has thissāssa ishoti right viewsammādiṭṭhi.

whatKatamo andca, monksbhikkhave, wrong actionmicchākammanto?
killing living creaturesPāṇātipāto, stealingadinnādānaṁ, sexual misconductkāmesumicchācāro—
thisayaṁ, monksbhikkhave, wrong actionmicchākammanto.

whatKatamo andca, monksbhikkhave, right actionsammākammanto?
right action, I say, twofoldSammākammantampahaṁ, monksbhikkhave, twofolddvāyaṁ I sayvadāmi—
there isatthi, monksbhikkhave, right actionsammākammanto accompanied by defilementssāsavo partaking of good deedspuññabhāgiyo ripening in attachmentsupadhivepakko;
there isatthi, monksbhikkhave, right actionsammākammanto nobleariyo undefiledanāsavo transcendentlokuttaro a factor of the pathmaggaṅgo.

whichKatamo andca, monksbhikkhave, right actionsammākammanto accompanied by defilementssāsavo partaking of meritpuññabhāgiyo ripening in attachmentsupadhivepakko?
from killing living creaturesPāṇātipātā refrainingveramaṇī, from stealingadinnādānā refrainingveramaṇī, from sexual misconductkāmesumicchācārā refrainingveramaṇī—
thisayaṁ, monksbhikkhave, right actionsammākammanto accompanied by defilementssāsavo partaking of meritpuññabhāgiyo ripening in attachmentsupadhivepakko.

whatKatamo andca, monksbhikkhave, right actionsammākammanto nobleariyo undefiledanāsavo transcendentlokuttaro factor of the path?maggaṅgo?
the indeedkho, monksbhikkhave, of one intent on the nobleariyacittassa of one intent on the undefiledanāsavacittassa who possesses the noble pathariyamaggasamaṅgino the noble pathariyamaggaṁ developingbhāvayato from threetīhi kinds of bad bodily conductkāyaduccaritehi desistingārati abstainingvirati abstinencepaṭivirati refraining—veramaṇī—
this,ayaṁ, monksbhikkhave, right actionsammākammanto nobleariyo undefiledanāsavo transcendentlokuttaro factor of the path.maggaṅgo.

theySo of wrong actionmicchākammantassa for giving uppahānāya they make an effortvāyamati, of right actionsammākammantassa for embracingupasampadāya; that is theirsvāssa ishoti right effortsammāvāyāmo.
theySo mindfullysato wrong actionmicchākammantaṁ they give uppajahati, mindfullysato right actionsammākammantaṁ having embracedupasampajja they liveviharati; that is theirsāssa ishoti right mindfulnesssammāsati.
so theseItiyime threetayo thingsdhammā right actionsammākammantaṁ keep running afteranuparidhāvanti keep circling aroundanuparivattanti, namely: right viewseyyathidaṁ—sammādiṭṭhi, right effortsammāvāyāmo, right mindfulnesssammāsati.

thereTatra, monksbhikkhave, right viewsammādiṭṭhi forerunnerpubbaṅgamā ishoti.
and howKathañca, monksbhikkhave, right viewsammādiṭṭhi forerunnerpubbaṅgamā ishoti?
wrong livelihoodMicchāājīvaṁ as wrong livelihood‘micchāājīvo’ti understandspajānāti, right livelihoodsammāājīvaṁ as right livelihood‘sammāājīvo’ti understandspajānāti; that for himsāssa ishoti right viewsammādiṭṭhi.

whichKatamo andca, monksbhikkhave, wrong livelihoodmicchāājīvo?
fawningKuhanā, flatterylapanā, hintingnemittikatā, belittlingnippesikatā, with material thingslābhena material thingslābhaṁ chasing afternijigīsanatā—
thisayaṁ, monksbhikkhave, wrong livelihoodmicchāājīvo.

whatKatamo andca, monksbhikkhave, right livelihoodsammāājīvo?
right livelihood, I saySammāājīvampahaṁ, monksbhikkhave, twofolddvāyaṁ I sayvadāmi—
there isatthi, monksbhikkhave, right livelihoodsammāājīvo accompanied by defilementssāsavo partaking of meritpuññabhāgiyo ripening in attachmentsupadhivepakko;
there isatthi, monksbhikkhave, right livelihoodsammāājīvo nobleariyo undefiledanāsavo transcendentlokuttaro a factor of the pathmaggaṅgo.

whatKatamo andca, bhikkhusbhikkhave, right livelihoodsammāājīvo accompanied by defilementssāsavo partaking of good deedspuññabhāgiyo ripening in attachmentsupadhivepakko?
hereIdha, bhikkhusbhikkhave, a noble discipleariyasāvako wrong livelihoodmicchāājīvaṁ having given uppahāya by right livelihoodsammāājīvena a livingjīvikaṁ earnskappeti—
thisayaṁ, bhikkhusbhikkhave, right livelihoodsammāājīvo accompanied by defilementssāsavo partaking of good deedspuññabhāgiyo ripening in attachmentsupadhivepakko.

whichKatamo andca, monksbhikkhave, right livelihoodsammāājīvo nobleariyo undefiledanāsavo transcendentlokuttaro factor of the pathmaggaṅgo?
which indeedkho, monksbhikkhave, intent on the nobleariyacittassa intent on the undefiledanāsavacittassa who possesses the noble pathariyamaggasamaṅgino the noble pathariyamaggaṁ developingbhāvayato wrong livelihoodmicchāājīvā desistingārati abstainingvirati abstinencepaṭivirati refrainingveramaṇī—
thisayaṁ, monksbhikkhave, right livelihoodsammāājīvo nobleariyo undefiledanāsavo transcendentlokuttaro factor of the pathmaggaṅgo.

heSo of wrong livelihoodmicchāājīvassa for giving uppahānāya makes an effortvāyamati, of right livelihoodsammāājīvassa for embracingupasampadāya; that for himsvāssa ishoti right effortsammāvāyāmo.
heSo mindfulsato wrong livelihoodmicchāājīvaṁ gives uppajahati, mindfulsato right livelihoodsammāājīvaṁ having embracedupasampajja dwellsviharati; that for himsāssa ishoti right mindfulnesssammāsati.
thus theseItiyime threetayo thingsdhammā right livelihoodsammāājīvaṁ keep running aroundanuparidhāvanti keep circling aroundanuparivattanti, that is: right viewseyyathidaṁ—sammādiṭṭhi, right effortsammāvāyāmo, right mindfulnesssammāsati.

thereTatra, monksbhikkhave, right viewsammādiṭṭhi comes firstpubbaṅgamā ishoti.
and howKathañca, monksbhikkhave, right viewsammādiṭṭhi comes firstpubbaṅgamā ishoti?
for one of right viewSammādiṭṭhissa, monksbhikkhave, right purposesammāsaṅkappo is producedpahoti, from right purposesammāsaṅkappassa right speechsammāvācā is producedpahoti, from right speechsammāvācassa right actionsammākammanto is producedpahoti, from right actionsammākammantassa right livelihoodsammāājīvo is producedpahoti, from right livelihoodsammāājīvassa right effortsammāvāyāmo is producedpahoti, from right effortsammāvāyāmassa right mindfulnesssammāsati is producedpahoti, from right mindfulnesssammāsatissa right immersionsammāsamādhi is producedpahoti, from right immersionsammāsamādhissa right knowledgesammāñāṇaṁ is producedpahoti, from right knowledgesammāñāṇassa right freedomsammāvimutti is producedpahoti.
thusIti indeedkho, monksbhikkhave, endowed with eight factorsaṭṭhaṅgasamannāgato traineesekkho, endowed with ten factorsdasaṅgasamannāgato perfected onearahā ishoti.
and here tooTatrapi due to right knowledgesammāñāṇena manyaneke badpāpakā unskillfulakusalā qualitiesdhammā eradicatedvigatā full developmentbhāvanāpāripūriṁ they gogacchanti.

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