The Great Forty · Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato, SuttaCentral
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whatKatamā
andca,
monksbhikkhave,
wrong speechmicchāvācā?
false speechMusāvādo,
backbitingpisuṇā
speechvācā,
harshpharusā
speechvācā,
nonsensical speechsamphappalāpo—
thisayaṁ,
monksbhikkhave,
wrong speechmicchāvācā.
whichKatamā
andca,
monksbhikkhave,
right speechsammāvācā?
right speech, I say, isSammāvācampahaṁ,
monksbhikkhave,
twofolddvāyaṁ
I sayvadāmi—
there isatthi,
monksbhikkhave,
right speechsammāvācā
accompanied by defilementssāsavā
partaking of meritpuññabhāgiyā
ripening in attachmentsupadhivepakkā;
there isatthi,
monksbhikkhave,
right speechsammāvācā
nobleariyā
undefiledanāsavā
transcendentlokuttarā
a factor of the pathmaggaṅgā.
whatKatamā
andca,
monksbhikkhave,
right speechsammāvācā
accompanied by defilementssāsavā
partaking of meritpuññabhāgiyā
ripening in attachmentsupadhivepakkā?
from false speechMusāvādā
refrainingveramaṇī,
divisivepisuṇāya
speechvācāya
refrainingveramaṇī,
harshpharusāya
speechvācāya
refrainingveramaṇī,
from frivolous chattersamphappalāpā
refrainingveramaṇī—
thisayaṁ,
monksbhikkhave,
right speechsammāvācā
accompanied by defilementssāsavā
partaking of meritpuññabhāgiyā
ripening in attachmentsupadhivepakkā.
whatKatamā
andca,
monksbhikkhave,
right speechsammāvācā
nobleariyā
undefiledanāsavā
transcendentlokuttarā
a factor of the pathmaggaṅgā?
whichYā
indeedkho,
monksbhikkhave,
intent on the nobleariyacittassa
intent on the undefiledanāsavacittassa
who possesses the noble pathariyamaggasamaṅgino
the noble pathariyamaggaṁ
developingbhāvayato
from the fourcatūhi
bad verbal conductvacīduccaritehi
desistingārati
abstainingvirati
abstinencepaṭivirati
refrainingveramaṇī—
thisayaṁ,
monksbhikkhave,
right speechsammāvācā
nobleariyā
undefiledanāsavā
transcendentlokuttarā
a factor of the pathmaggaṅgā.
heSo
of wrong speechmicchāvācāya
for giving uppahānāya
makes an effortvāyamati,
for right speechsammāvācāya
for embracingupasampadāya;
of him thissvāssa
ishoti
right effortsammāvāyāmo.
heSo
mindfulsato
wrong speechmicchāvācaṁ
gives uppajahati,
mindfulsato
right speechsammāvācaṁ
having taken upupasampajja
dwellsviharati;
of him thissāssa
ishoti
right mindfulnesssammāsati.
so theseItiyime
threetayo
thingsdhammā
around right speechsammāvācaṁ
keep running afteranuparidhāvanti
keep circling aroundanuparivattanti,
that isseyyathidaṁ—sammādiṭṭhi,
right effortsammāvāyāmo,
right mindfulnesssammāsati.
there; in that contextTatra,
O monksbhikkhave,
right viewsammādiṭṭhi
forerunner; comes firstpubbaṅgamā
ishoti.
and howKathañca,
O monksbhikkhave,
right viewsammādiṭṭhi
forerunner; comes firstpubbaṅgamā
ishoti?
wrong actionMicchākammantaṁ
'wrong action'‘micchākammanto’ti
understandspajānāti,
right actionsammākammantaṁ
'right action'‘sammākammanto’ti
understandspajānāti;
of him, that is; he has thissāssa
ishoti
right viewsammādiṭṭhi.
whatKatamo
andca,
monksbhikkhave,
wrong actionmicchākammanto?
killing living creaturesPāṇātipāto,
stealingadinnādānaṁ,
sexual misconductkāmesumicchācāro—
thisayaṁ,
monksbhikkhave,
wrong actionmicchākammanto.
whatKatamo
andca,
monksbhikkhave,
right actionsammākammanto?
right action, I say, twofoldSammākammantampahaṁ,
monksbhikkhave,
twofolddvāyaṁ
I sayvadāmi—
there isatthi,
monksbhikkhave,
right actionsammākammanto
accompanied by defilementssāsavo
partaking of good deedspuññabhāgiyo
ripening in attachmentsupadhivepakko;
there isatthi,
monksbhikkhave,
right actionsammākammanto
nobleariyo
undefiledanāsavo
transcendentlokuttaro
a factor of the pathmaggaṅgo.
whichKatamo
andca,
monksbhikkhave,
right actionsammākammanto
accompanied by defilementssāsavo
partaking of meritpuññabhāgiyo
ripening in attachmentsupadhivepakko?
from killing living creaturesPāṇātipātā
refrainingveramaṇī,
from stealingadinnādānā
refrainingveramaṇī,
from sexual misconductkāmesumicchācārā
refrainingveramaṇī—
thisayaṁ,
monksbhikkhave,
right actionsammākammanto
accompanied by defilementssāsavo
partaking of meritpuññabhāgiyo
ripening in attachmentsupadhivepakko.
whatKatamo
andca,
monksbhikkhave,
right actionsammākammanto
nobleariyo
undefiledanāsavo
transcendentlokuttaro
factor of the path?maggaṅgo?
theYā
indeedkho,
monksbhikkhave,
of one intent on the nobleariyacittassa
of one intent on the undefiledanāsavacittassa
who possesses the noble pathariyamaggasamaṅgino
the noble pathariyamaggaṁ
developingbhāvayato
from threetīhi
kinds of bad bodily conductkāyaduccaritehi
desistingārati
abstainingvirati
abstinencepaṭivirati
refraining—veramaṇī—
this,ayaṁ,
monksbhikkhave,
right actionsammākammanto
nobleariyo
undefiledanāsavo
transcendentlokuttaro
factor of the path.maggaṅgo.
theySo
of wrong actionmicchākammantassa
for giving uppahānāya
they make an effortvāyamati,
of right actionsammākammantassa
for embracingupasampadāya;
that is theirsvāssa
ishoti
right effortsammāvāyāmo.
theySo
mindfullysato
wrong actionmicchākammantaṁ
they give uppajahati,
mindfullysato
right actionsammākammantaṁ
having embracedupasampajja
they liveviharati;
that is theirsāssa
ishoti
right mindfulnesssammāsati.
so theseItiyime
threetayo
thingsdhammā
right actionsammākammantaṁ
keep running afteranuparidhāvanti
keep circling aroundanuparivattanti,
namely: right viewseyyathidaṁ—sammādiṭṭhi,
right effortsammāvāyāmo,
right mindfulnesssammāsati.
thereTatra,
monksbhikkhave,
right viewsammādiṭṭhi
forerunnerpubbaṅgamā
ishoti.
and howKathañca,
monksbhikkhave,
right viewsammādiṭṭhi
forerunnerpubbaṅgamā
ishoti?
wrong livelihoodMicchāājīvaṁ
as wrong livelihood‘micchāājīvo’ti
understandspajānāti,
right livelihoodsammāājīvaṁ
as right livelihood‘sammāājīvo’ti
understandspajānāti;
that for himsāssa
ishoti
right viewsammādiṭṭhi.
whichKatamo
andca,
monksbhikkhave,
wrong livelihoodmicchāājīvo?
fawningKuhanā,
flatterylapanā,
hintingnemittikatā,
belittlingnippesikatā,
with material thingslābhena
material thingslābhaṁ
chasing afternijigīsanatā—
thisayaṁ,
monksbhikkhave,
wrong livelihoodmicchāājīvo.
whatKatamo
andca,
monksbhikkhave,
right livelihoodsammāājīvo?
right livelihood, I saySammāājīvampahaṁ,
monksbhikkhave,
twofolddvāyaṁ
I sayvadāmi—
there isatthi,
monksbhikkhave,
right livelihoodsammāājīvo
accompanied by defilementssāsavo
partaking of meritpuññabhāgiyo
ripening in attachmentsupadhivepakko;
there isatthi,
monksbhikkhave,
right livelihoodsammāājīvo
nobleariyo
undefiledanāsavo
transcendentlokuttaro
a factor of the pathmaggaṅgo.
whatKatamo
andca,
bhikkhusbhikkhave,
right livelihoodsammāājīvo
accompanied by defilementssāsavo
partaking of good deedspuññabhāgiyo
ripening in attachmentsupadhivepakko?
hereIdha,
bhikkhusbhikkhave,
a noble discipleariyasāvako
wrong livelihoodmicchāājīvaṁ
having given uppahāya
by right livelihoodsammāājīvena
a livingjīvikaṁ
earnskappeti—
thisayaṁ,
bhikkhusbhikkhave,
right livelihoodsammāājīvo
accompanied by defilementssāsavo
partaking of good deedspuññabhāgiyo
ripening in attachmentsupadhivepakko.
whichKatamo
andca,
monksbhikkhave,
right livelihoodsammāājīvo
nobleariyo
undefiledanāsavo
transcendentlokuttaro
factor of the pathmaggaṅgo?
whichYā
indeedkho,
monksbhikkhave,
intent on the nobleariyacittassa
intent on the undefiledanāsavacittassa
who possesses the noble pathariyamaggasamaṅgino
the noble pathariyamaggaṁ
developingbhāvayato
wrong livelihoodmicchāājīvā
desistingārati
abstainingvirati
abstinencepaṭivirati
refrainingveramaṇī—
thisayaṁ,
monksbhikkhave,
right livelihoodsammāājīvo
nobleariyo
undefiledanāsavo
transcendentlokuttaro
factor of the pathmaggaṅgo.
heSo
of wrong livelihoodmicchāājīvassa
for giving uppahānāya
makes an effortvāyamati,
of right livelihoodsammāājīvassa
for embracingupasampadāya;
that for himsvāssa
ishoti
right effortsammāvāyāmo.
heSo
mindfulsato
wrong livelihoodmicchāājīvaṁ
gives uppajahati,
mindfulsato
right livelihoodsammāājīvaṁ
having embracedupasampajja
dwellsviharati;
that for himsāssa
ishoti
right mindfulnesssammāsati.
thus theseItiyime
threetayo
thingsdhammā
right livelihoodsammāājīvaṁ
keep running aroundanuparidhāvanti
keep circling aroundanuparivattanti,
that is: right viewseyyathidaṁ—sammādiṭṭhi,
right effortsammāvāyāmo,
right mindfulnesssammāsati.
thereTatra,
monksbhikkhave,
right viewsammādiṭṭhi
comes firstpubbaṅgamā
ishoti.
and howKathañca,
monksbhikkhave,
right viewsammādiṭṭhi
comes firstpubbaṅgamā
ishoti?
for one of right viewSammādiṭṭhissa,
monksbhikkhave,
right purposesammāsaṅkappo
is producedpahoti,
from right purposesammāsaṅkappassa
right speechsammāvācā
is producedpahoti,
from right speechsammāvācassa
right actionsammākammanto
is producedpahoti,
from right actionsammākammantassa
right livelihoodsammāājīvo
is producedpahoti,
from right livelihoodsammāājīvassa
right effortsammāvāyāmo
is producedpahoti,
from right effortsammāvāyāmassa
right mindfulnesssammāsati
is producedpahoti,
from right mindfulnesssammāsatissa
right immersionsammāsamādhi
is producedpahoti,
from right immersionsammāsamādhissa
right knowledgesammāñāṇaṁ
is producedpahoti,
from right knowledgesammāñāṇassa
right freedomsammāvimutti
is producedpahoti.
thusIti
indeedkho,
monksbhikkhave,
endowed with eight factorsaṭṭhaṅgasamannāgato
traineesekkho,
endowed with ten factorsdasaṅgasamannāgato
perfected onearahā
ishoti.
and here tooTatrapi
due to right knowledgesammāñāṇena
manyaneke
badpāpakā
unskillfulakusalā
qualitiesdhammā
eradicatedvigatā
full developmentbhāvanāpāripūriṁ
they gogacchanti.
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