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Majjhima Nikāya 33

Mahāgopālakasutta

The Longer Discourse on the Cowherd · Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato, SuttaCentral

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how·andKathañca, monksbhikkhave, a monkbhikkhu smokedhūmaṁ a makerkattā ishoti?
hereIdha, monksbhikkhave, a monkbhikkhu as·learnedyathāsutaṁ as·memorizedyathāpariyattaṁ the Dhammadhammaṁ in detailvitthārena to othersparesaṁ a teacherdesetā ishoti.
thusEvaṁ indeedkho, monksbhikkhave, a monkbhikkhu smokedhūmaṁ a makerkattā ishoti.

And how does a mendicant spread smoke? It’s when a mendicant teaches others the Dhamma in detail as they learned and memorized it. That’s how a mendicant spreads smoke.

how·andKathañca, monksbhikkhave, a mendicantbhikkhu the fordtitthaṁ knowsjānāti?
hereIdha, monksbhikkhave, a mendicantbhikkhu whoye thosete mendicantsbhikkhū much·heardbahussutā inheritors of the heritageāgatāgamā teaching·bearingdhammadharā monastic law·bearingvinayadharā outline·bearingmātikādharā thosete from timekālena to timekālaṁ near·goupasaṅkamitvā asksparipucchati, questions closelyparipañhati:
this‘idaṁ, sirbhante, howkathaṁ?
of thisImassa whatko is the meaningattho’ti?
to himTassa thosete venerablesāyasmanto not·opened·and·indeedavivaṭañceva revealvivaranti, not·clarified·andanuttānīkatañca clarifyuttānīkaronti, many·variousanekavihitesu andca doubt·situatedkaṅkhāṭhānīyesu mattersdhammesu doubtkaṅkhaṁ dispelpaṭivinodenti.
thusEvaṁ indeedkho, monksbhikkhave, a mendicantbhikkhu the fordtitthaṁ knowsjānāti.

And how does a mendicant know the ford? It’s when from time to time a mendicant goes up to those mendicants who are very learned—inheritors of the heritage, who have memorized the teachings, the monastic law, and the outlines—and asks them questions: ‘Why, sir, does it say this? What does that mean?’ Those venerables reveal what is hidden, clarify what is unclear, and dispel doubt regarding the many doubtful matters. That’s how a mendicant knows the ford.

and howKathañca monksbhikkhave, a mendicantbhikkhu satisfactionpītaṁ knowsjānāti?
hereIdha, monksbhikkhave, a mendicantbhikkhu Realized One + proclaimedtathāgatappavedite teaching + trainingdhammavinaye being taughtdesiyamāne findslabhati meaning + inspirationatthavedaṁ, findslabhati teaching + inspirationdhammavedaṁ, findslabhati teaching + connecteddhammūpasaṁhitaṁ joypāmojjaṁ.
thusEvaṁ indeedkho, monksbhikkhave, a mendicantbhikkhu satisfactionpītaṁ knowsjānāti.

And how does a mendicant know satisfaction? It’s when a mendicant, when the teaching and training proclaimed by the Realized One are being taught, finds inspiration in the meaning and the teaching, and finds joy connected with the teaching. That’s how a mendicant knows satisfaction.

and howKathañca, monksbhikkhave, a mendicantbhikkhu the trailvīthiṁ knowsjānāti?
hereIdha, monksbhikkhave, a mendicantbhikkhu the nobleariyaṁ eightfoldaṭṭhaṅgikaṁ pathmaggaṁ as it truly isyathābhūtaṁ truly understandspajānāti.
thusEvaṁ indeedkho, monksbhikkhave, a mendicantbhikkhu the trailvīthiṁ knowsjānāti.

And how does a mendicant know the trail? It’s when a mendicant truly understands the noble eightfold path. That’s how a mendicant knows the trail.

and howKathañca, mendicantsbhikkhave, a mendicantbhikkhu range·skilledgocarakusalo ishoti?
hereIdha, mendicantsbhikkhave, a mendicantbhikkhu fourcattāro mindfulness·establishmentsatipaṭṭhāne as·becomeyathābhūtaṁ forth·knowpajānāti.
thusEvaṁ indeedkho, mendicantsbhikkhave, a mendicantbhikkhu range·skilledgocarakusalo ishoti.

And how is a mendicant skilled in ranges? It’s when a mendicant truly understands the four kinds of mindfulness meditation. That’s how a mendicant is skilled in ranges.

and howKathañca, monksbhikkhave, a monkbhikkhu one who leaves a remainder in milkingsāvasesadohī ishoti?
hereIdha, monksbhikkhave, a monkbhikkhuṁ with faithsaddhā householdersgahapatikā abundantlyabhihaṭṭhuṁ they invitepavārenti with robes, almsfood, lodgings, and medicines and supplies for the sickcīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārehi.
thereTatra a monkbhikkhu moderationmattaṁ knowsjānāti in acceptingpaṭiggahaṇāya.
thusEvaṁ indeedkho, monksbhikkhave, a monkbhikkhu one who leaves a remainder in milkingsāvasesadohī ishoti.

And how does a mendicant not milk dry? It’s when a mendicant is invited by a householder to accept robes, almsfood, lodgings, and medicines and supplies for the sick, and that mendicant knows moderation in accepting. That’s how a mendicant doesn’t milk dry.

and howKathañca, monksbhikkhave, a monkbhikkhu whoye thosete monksbhikkhū seniortherā night·knowerrattaññū long·gone-forthcirapabbajitā saṅgha·fatherssaṅghapitaro leaders of the saṅghasaṅghapariṇāyakā, to themte extra·respectatirekapūjāya one who honorspūjetā ishoti?
hereIdha, monksbhikkhave, a monkbhikkhu whoye thosete monksbhikkhū seniortherā night·knowerrattaññū long·gone-forthcirapabbajitā saṅgha·fatherssaṅghapitaro saṅgha·leadersaṅghapariṇāyakā toward themtesu kindnessmettaṁ body·actionkāyakammaṁ establishespaccupaṭṭhāpeti openlyāvi andceva in privateraho andca;
kindnessmettaṁ speech·actionvacīkammaṁ establishespaccupaṭṭhāpeti openlyāvi andceva in privateraho andca;
kindnessmettaṁ mind·actionmanokammaṁ establishespaccupaṭṭhāpeti openlyāvi andceva in privateraho andca.
thusEvaṁ indeedkho, monksbhikkhave, a monkbhikkhu whoye thosete monksbhikkhū seniortherā night·knowerrattaññū long·gone-forthcirapabbajitā saṅgha·fatherssaṅghapitaro saṅgha·leadersaṅghapariṇāyakā to themte extra·respectatirekapūjāya one who honorspūjetā ishoti.
with theseImehi indeedkho, monksbhikkhave, elevenekādasahi qualitiesdhammehi endowedsamannāgato a monkbhikkhu capablebhabbo in thisimasmiṁ teaching·trainingdhammavinaye growthvuddhiṁ improvementvirūḷhiṁ maturityvepullaṁ to attaināpajjitun”ti.
this + saidIdamavoca the blessed onebhagavā.
satisfiedAttamanā thosete monksbhikkhū of the blessed onebhagavato speechbhāsitaṁ they approvedabhinandunti.
longer·cowherd·discourseMahāgopālakasuttaṁ finishedniṭṭhitaṁ thirdtatiyaṁ.

And how does a mendicant show extra respect to senior mendicants of long standing, long gone forth, fathers and leaders of the Saṅgha? It’s when a mendicant consistently treats senior mendicants of long standing, long gone forth, fathers and leaders of the Saṅgha with kindness by way of body, speech, and mind, both in public and in private. That’s how a mendicant shows extra respect to senior mendicants of long standing, long gone forth, fathers and leaders of the Saṅgha. A mendicant with these eleven qualities can achieve growth, improvement, and maturity in this teaching and training.” That is what the Buddha said. Satisfied, the mendicants approved what the Buddha said.

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