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Majjhima Nikāya 33

Mahāgopālakasutta

The Longer Discourse on the Cowherd · Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato, SuttaCentral

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and howKathañca, monksbhikkhave, a monkbhikkhu smokedhūmaṁ a makerkattā ishoti?
hereIdha, monksbhikkhave, a monkbhikkhu as learnedyathāsutaṁ as memorizedyathāpariyattaṁ the Dhammadhammaṁ in detailvitthārena to othersparesaṁ a teacherdesetā ishoti.
thusEvaṁ indeedkho, monksbhikkhave, a monkbhikkhu smokedhūmaṁ a makerkattā ishoti.

And how does a mendicant spread smoke? It’s when a mendicant teaches others the Dhamma in detail as they learned and memorized it. That’s how a mendicant spreads smoke.

and howKathañca, monksbhikkhave, a mendicantbhikkhu the fordtitthaṁ knowsjānāti?
hereIdha, monksbhikkhave, a mendicantbhikkhu whoye thosete mendicantsbhikkhū very learnedbahussutā inheritors of the heritageāgatāgamā who have memorized the teachingsdhammadharā who have memorized the monastic lawvinayadharā who have memorized the outlinesmātikādharā thosete from timekālena to timekālaṁ having approachedupasaṅkamitvā asksparipucchati, questions closelyparipañhati:
this‘idaṁ, sirbhante, howkathaṁ?
of thisImassa whatko is the meaningattho’ti?
to himTassa thosete venerablesāyasmanto what is hiddenavivaṭañceva revealvivaranti, what is unclearanuttānīkatañca clarifyuttānīkaronti, regarding many variousanekavihitesu andca doubtfulkaṅkhāṭhānīyesu mattersdhammesu doubtkaṅkhaṁ dispelpaṭivinodenti.
thusEvaṁ indeedkho, monksbhikkhave, a mendicantbhikkhu the fordtitthaṁ knowsjānāti.

And how does a mendicant know the ford? It’s when from time to time a mendicant goes up to those mendicants who are very learned—inheritors of the heritage, who have memorized the teachings, the monastic law, and the outlines—and asks them questions: ‘Why, sir, does it say this? What does that mean?’ Those venerables reveal what is hidden, clarify what is unclear, and dispel doubt regarding the many doubtful matters. That’s how a mendicant knows the ford.

and howKathañca monksbhikkhave, a mendicantbhikkhu satisfactionpītaṁ knowsjānāti?
hereIdha, monksbhikkhave, a mendicantbhikkhu proclaimed by the Realized Onetathāgatappavedite in the teaching and trainingdhammavinaye being taughtdesiyamāne findslabhati inspiration in the meaningatthavedaṁ, findslabhati inspiration in the teachingdhammavedaṁ, findslabhati joy connected with the teachingdhammūpasaṁhitaṁ joypāmojjaṁ.
thusEvaṁ indeedkho, monksbhikkhave, a mendicantbhikkhu satisfactionpītaṁ knowsjānāti.

And how does a mendicant know satisfaction? It’s when a mendicant, when the teaching and training proclaimed by the Realized One are being taught, finds inspiration in the meaning and the teaching, and finds joy connected with the teaching. That’s how a mendicant knows satisfaction.

and howKathañca, monksbhikkhave, a mendicantbhikkhu the trailvīthiṁ knowsjānāti?
hereIdha, monksbhikkhave, a mendicantbhikkhu the nobleariyaṁ eightfoldaṭṭhaṅgikaṁ pathmaggaṁ as it truly isyathābhūtaṁ truly understandspajānāti.
thusEvaṁ indeedkho, monksbhikkhave, a mendicantbhikkhu the trailvīthiṁ knowsjānāti.

And how does a mendicant know the trail? It’s when a mendicant truly understands the noble eightfold path. That’s how a mendicant knows the trail.

and howKathañca, mendicantsbhikkhave, a mendicantbhikkhu skilled in rangesgocarakusalo ishoti?
hereIdha, mendicantsbhikkhave, a mendicantbhikkhu fourcattāro kinds of mindfulness meditationsatipaṭṭhāne trulyyathābhūtaṁ understandspajānāti.
thusEvaṁ indeedkho, mendicantsbhikkhave, a mendicantbhikkhu skilled in rangesgocarakusalo ishoti.

And how is a mendicant skilled in ranges? It’s when a mendicant truly understands the four kinds of mindfulness meditation. That’s how a mendicant is skilled in ranges.

and howKathañca, monksbhikkhave, a monkbhikkhu one who leaves a remainder in milkingsāvasesadohī ishoti?
hereIdha, monksbhikkhave, a monkbhikkhuṁ with faithsaddhā householdersgahapatikā abundantlyabhihaṭṭhuṁ they invitepavārenti with robes, almsfood, lodgings, and medicines and supplies for the sickcīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārehi.
thereTatra a monkbhikkhu moderationmattaṁ knowsjānāti in acceptingpaṭiggahaṇāya.
thusEvaṁ indeedkho, monksbhikkhave, a monkbhikkhu one who leaves a remainder in milkingsāvasesadohī ishoti.

And how does a mendicant not milk dry? It’s when a mendicant is invited by a householder to accept robes, almsfood, lodgings, and medicines and supplies for the sick, and that mendicant knows moderation in accepting. That’s how a mendicant doesn’t milk dry.

and howKathañca, monksbhikkhave, a monkbhikkhu whoye thosete monksbhikkhū seniortherā of long standingrattaññū long gone forthcirapabbajitā fathers of the saṅghasaṅghapitaro leaders of the saṅghasaṅghapariṇāyakā, to themte with extra respectatirekapūjāya one who honorspūjetā ishoti?
hereIdha, monksbhikkhave, a monkbhikkhu whoye thosete monksbhikkhū seniortherā of long standingrattaññū long gone forthcirapabbajitā fathers of the saṅghasaṅghapitaro leaders of the saṅghasaṅghapariṇāyakā toward themtesu kindnessmettaṁ bodily actionkāyakammaṁ establishespaccupaṭṭhāpeti openlyāvi andceva in privateraho andca;
kindnessmettaṁ verbal actionvacīkammaṁ establishespaccupaṭṭhāpeti openlyāvi andceva in privateraho andca;
kindnessmettaṁ mental actionmanokammaṁ establishespaccupaṭṭhāpeti openlyāvi andceva in privateraho andca.
thusEvaṁ indeedkho, monksbhikkhave, a monkbhikkhu whoye thosete monksbhikkhū seniortherā of long standingrattaññū long gone forthcirapabbajitā fathers of the saṅghasaṅghapitaro leaders of the saṅghasaṅghapariṇāyakā to themte with extra respectatirekapūjāya one who honorspūjetā ishoti.
with theseImehi indeedkho, monksbhikkhave, elevenekādasahi qualitiesdhammehi endowedsamannāgato a monkbhikkhu capablebhabbo in thisimasmiṁ teaching and trainingdhammavinaye growthvuddhiṁ improvementvirūḷhiṁ maturityvepullaṁ to attaināpajjitun”ti.
this he saidIdamavoca the blessed onebhagavā.
satisfiedAttamanā thosete monksbhikkhū of the blessed onebhagavato speechbhāsitaṁ they approvedabhinandunti.
the longer discourse on the cowherdMahāgopālakasuttaṁ finishedniṭṭhitaṁ thirdtatiyaṁ.

And how does a mendicant show extra respect to senior mendicants of long standing, long gone forth, fathers and leaders of the Saṅgha? It’s when a mendicant consistently treats senior mendicants of long standing, long gone forth, fathers and leaders of the Saṅgha with kindness by way of body, speech, and mind, both in public and in private. That’s how a mendicant shows extra respect to senior mendicants of long standing, long gone forth, fathers and leaders of the Saṅgha. A mendicant with these eleven qualities can achieve growth, improvement, and maturity in this teaching and training.” That is what the Buddha said. Satisfied, the mendicants approved what the Buddha said.

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