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Majjhima Nikāya 34

Cūḷagopālakasutta

The Shorter Discourse on the Cowherd · Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato, SuttaCentral

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thusEvaṁ by meme heardsutaṁ—
oneekaṁ timesamayaṁ the Blessed Onebhagavā among the Vajjisvajjīsu was stayingviharati near Ukkacelāukkacelāyaṁ of the Gangesgaṅgāya rivernadiyā on the banktīre.
thereTatra indeedkho the Blessed Onebhagavā the mendicantsbhikkhū addressedāmantesi:
mendicants“bhikkhavo”ti.
venerable sir“Bhadante”ti thosete mendicantsbhikkhū to the Blessed Onebhagavato repliedpaccassosuṁ.
the Blessed OneBhagavā said thisetadavoca:

So I have heard. At one time the Buddha was staying in the land of the Vajjis near Ukkacelā on the bank of the Ganges River. There the Buddha addressed the mendicants, “Mendicants!” “Venerable sir,” they replied. The Buddha said this:

once upon a time“Bhūtapubbaṁ, mendicantsbhikkhave, Magadhanmāgadhako cowherdgopālako of unintelligent natureduppaññajātiko, of the rainy seasonvassānaṁ lastpacchime monthmāse in the autumn seasonsaradasamaye, without inspectingasamavekkhitvā of the Gangesgaṅgāya rivernadiyā nearorimaṁ shoretīraṁ, without inspectingasamavekkhitvā farpārimaṁ shoretīraṁ, across a place with no fordatittheneva cattlegāvo drove acrosspatāresi northernuttaraṁ shoretīraṁ among the Suvidehanssuvidehānaṁ.

“Once upon a time, mendicants, there was an unintelligent Magadhan cowherd. In the last month of the rainy season, in autumn, without inspecting the near shore or the far shore, he drove his cattle across a place with no ford on the Ganges River to the northern shore among the Suvidehans.

thenAtha indeedkho, monksbhikkhave, cattlegāvo in the middle of the Gangesmajjhegaṅgāya of the rivernadiyā in the streamsote a circleāmaṇḍaliyaṁ having madekaritvā right theretattheva ruin and destructionanayabyasanaṁ they came toāpajjiṁsu.
thatTaṁ of whatkissa cause?hetu?
thusTathā forhi thatso, monksbhikkhave, Magadhanmāgadhako cowherdgopālako unintelligent by natureduppaññajātiko, of the rainsvassānaṁ in the lastpacchime monthmāse in the autumn seasonsaradasamaye, not having inspectedasamavekkhitvā of the Gangesgaṅgāya of the rivernadiyā the nearorimaṁ shoretīraṁ, not having inspectedasamavekkhitvā the farpārimaṁ shoretīraṁ, at a place with no fordatittheneva cattlegāvo he drove acrosspatāresi to the northernuttaraṁ shoretīraṁ of the Videhanssuvidehānaṁ.
just soEvameva indeedkho, monksbhikkhave, whoeverye forhi anykeci asceticssamaṇā or brahminsbrāhmaṇā or unskilledakusalā of thisimassa worldlokassa unskilledakusalā of the otherparassa worldlokassa, unskilledakusalā of Māra's dominionmāradheyyassa unskilledakusalā in what is not Māra's dominionamāradheyyassa, unskilledakusalā in Death's dominionmaccudheyyassa unskilledakusalā in what is not Death's dominionamaccudheyyassa, of thosetesaṁ whoye worth listening tosotabbaṁ worth trustingsaddahātabbaṁ they will thinkmaññissanti, for thosetesaṁ thattaṁ it will bebhavissati for a long timedīgharattaṁ for harmahitāya for sufferingdukkhāya.

But the cattle bunched up in mid-stream and came to ruin right there. Why is that? Because the unintelligent cowherd failed to inspect the shores before driving the cattle across at a place with no ford. In the same way, there are ascetics and brahmins who are unskilled in this world and the other world, unskilled in Māra’s dominion and its opposite, and unskilled in Death’s dominion and its opposite. If anyone thinks they are worth listening to and trusting, it will be for their lasting harm and suffering.

once upon a timeBhūtapubbaṁ, mendicantsbhikkhave, Magadhanmāgadhako cowherdgopālako intelligentsappaññajātiko, of the rainy seasonvassānaṁ lastpacchime monthmāse in autumnsaradasamaye, after inspectingsamavekkhitvā of the Gangesgaṅgāya rivernadiyā nearorimaṁ shoretīraṁ, after inspectingsamavekkhitvā farpārimaṁ shoretīraṁ, by a fordtittheneva cattlegāvo drove acrosspatāresi northernuttaraṁ shoretīraṁ of the Suvidehanssuvidehānaṁ.

Once upon a time, mendicants, there was an intelligent Magadhan cowherd. In the last month of the rainy season, in autumn, after inspecting the near shore and the far shore, he drove his cattle across a ford on the Ganges River to the northern shore among the Suvidehans.

heSo firstpaṭhamaṁ drove acrosspatāresi whoye thosete bullsusabhā fathers of the herdgopitaro captains of the herd.gopariṇāyakā.
theyTe acrosstiriyaṁ of the Gangesgaṅgāya streamsotaṁ having cutchetvā safelysotthinā far shorepāraṁ reached.agamaṁsu.
then othersAthāpare drove acrosspatāresi strong cattlebalavagāvo tractable cattle.dammagāvo.
they tooTepi acrosstiriyaṁ of the Gangesgaṅgāya streamsotaṁ having cutchetvā safelysotthinā far shorepāraṁ reached.agamaṁsu.
then othersAthāpare drove acrosspatāresi bullocksvacchatare heifers.vacchatariyo.
they tooTepi acrosstiriyaṁ of the Gangesgaṅgāya streamsotaṁ having cutchetvā safelysotthinā far shorepāraṁ reached.agamaṁsu.
then othersAthāpare drove acrosspatāresi calvesvacchake weak cattle.kisābalake.
they tooTepi acrosstiriyaṁ of the Gangesgaṅgāya streamsotaṁ having cutchetvā safelysotthinā far shorepāraṁ reached.agamaṁsu.
once it happened,Bhūtapubbaṁ, monks,bhikkhave, calfvacchako youngtaruṇako justtāvadeva bornjātako by its mother's lowingmātugoravakena urged on,vuyhamāno, even itsopi acrosstiriyaṁ of the Gangesgaṅgāya streamsotaṁ having cutchetvā safelysotthinā far shorepāraṁ reached.agamāsi.
thatTaṁ whatkissa reason?hetu?
thusTathā indeedhi he,so, monks,bhikkhave, Magadhanmāgadhako cowherd,gopālako intelligent,sappaññajātiko, of the rainsvassānaṁ lastpacchime monthmāse autumn time,saradasamaye, having inspectedsamavekkhitvā of the Gangesgaṅgāya river'snadiyā nearorimaṁ shore,tīraṁ, having inspectedsamavekkhitvā farpārimaṁ shore,tīraṁ, at a fordtittheneva cattlegāvo drove acrosspatāresi northernuttaraṁ shoretīraṁ of the Videhans.suvidehānaṁ.

First he drove across the bulls, the fathers and captains of the herd. They breasted the stream of the Ganges and safely reached the far shore. Then he drove across the strong and tractable cattle. They too breasted the stream of the Ganges and safely reached the far shore. Then he drove across the bullocks and heifers. They too breasted the stream of the Ganges and safely reached the far shore. Then he drove across the calves and weak cattle. They too breasted the stream of the Ganges and safely reached the far shore. Once it happened that a baby calf had just been born. Urged on by its mother’s lowing, even it managed to breast the stream of the Ganges and safely reach the far shore. Why is that? Because the intelligent cowherd inspected both shores before driving the cattle across at a ford.

just soEvameva indeedkho, monksbhikkhave, whoye forhi anykeci asceticssamaṇā or brahminsbrāhmaṇā or skilledkusalā thisimassa worldlokassa skilledkusalā otherparassa worldlokassa, skilledkusalā in Māra's dominionmāradheyyassa skilledkusalā in its oppositeamāradheyyassa, skilledkusalā in Death's dominionmaccudheyyassa skilledkusalā in its oppositeamaccudheyyassa, of themtesaṁ whoye worth listening tosotabbaṁ worth trustingsaddahātabbaṁ will thinkmaññissanti, for themtesaṁ thattaṁ will bebhavissati for a long timedīgharattaṁ for welfarehitāya for happinesssukhāya.

In the same way, there are ascetics and brahmins who are skilled in this world and the other world, skilled in Māra’s dominion and its opposite, and skilled in Death’s dominion and its opposite. If anyone thinks they are worth listening to and trusting, it will be for their lasting welfare and happiness.

just asSeyyathāpi, monksbhikkhave, whoye thosete bullsusabhā fathers of the herdgopitaro captains of the herdgopariṇāyakā theyte acrosstiriyaṁ of the Gangesgaṅgāya streamsotaṁ having cutchetvā to safetysotthinā far shorepāraṁ wentagamaṁsu;
just soevameva indeedkho, monksbhikkhave, whoye thosete mendicantsbhikkhū perfectedarahanto with defilements endedkhīṇāsavā who have completed the spiritual journeyvusitavanto who have done what had to be donekatakaraṇīyā who have laid down the burdenohitabhārā who have achieved their heart’s goalanuppattasadatthā who have utterly ended the fetter of continued existenceparikkhīṇabhavasaṁyojanā rightly freed through enlightenmentsammadaññāvimuttā, theyte acrosstiriyaṁ of Māramārassa streamsotaṁ having cutchetvā to safetysotthinā crossed over to the far shorepāraṅgatā.

Just like the bulls, fathers and captains of the herd, who crossed the Ganges to safety are the mendicants who are perfected, who have ended the defilements, completed the spiritual journey, done what had to be done, laid down the burden, achieved their heart’s goal, utterly ended the fetter of continued existence, and are rightly freed through enlightenment. Having breasted Māra’s stream, they have safely crossed over to the far shore.

just asSeyyathāpi thosete, monksbhikkhave, strong cattlebalavagāvo tractable cattledammagāvo acrosstiriyaṁ of the Gangesgaṅgāya streamsotaṁ having cutchetvā to safetysotthinā to the far shorepāraṁ they wentagamaṁsu;
just soevameva indeedkho, monksbhikkhave, whoye thosete monksbhikkhū of the fivepañcannaṁ lowerorambhāgiyānaṁ of fetterssaṁyojanānaṁ by the endingparikkhayā reborn spontaneouslyopapātikā theretattha extinguished thereparinibbāyino not liable to returnanāvattidhammā from thattasmā worldlokā, they tootepi acrosstiriyaṁ of Māramārassa streamsotaṁ having cutchetvā to safetysotthinā to the far shorepāraṁ they will gogamissanti.

Just like the strong and tractable cattle who crossed the Ganges to safety are the mendicants who, with the ending of the five lower fetters, are reborn spontaneously. They’re extinguished there, and are not liable to return from that world. They too, having breasted Māra’s stream, will safely cross over to the far shore.

just asSeyyathāpi thosete, monksbhikkhave, bullocksvacchatarā heifersvacchatariyo slantwisetiriyaṁ of the Gangesgaṅgāya streamsotaṁ having cutchetvā safelysotthinā to the far shorepāraṁ they wentagamaṁsu;
just soevameva indeedkho, monksbhikkhave, whoye thosete monksbhikkhū of threetiṇṇaṁ of fetterssaṁyojanānaṁ with the endingparikkhayā of greed, hate, and delusionrāgadosamohānaṁ with the weakeningtanuttā once-returnerssakadāgāmino once onlysakideva thisimaṁ worldlokaṁ having comeāgantvā an end of sufferingdukkhassantaṁ they will makekarissanti, they tootepi slantwisetiriyaṁ of Māramārassa streamsotaṁ having cutchetvā safelysotthinā to the far shorepāraṁ they will gogamissanti.

Just like the bullocks and heifers who crossed the Ganges to safety are the mendicants who, with the ending of three fetters, and the weakening of greed, hate, and delusion, are once-returners. They come back to this world once only, then make an end of suffering. They too, having breasted Māra’s stream, will safely cross over to the far shore.

just asSeyyathāpi thosete, monksbhikkhave, calvesvacchakā weak cattlekisābalakā breastingtiriyaṁ of the Gangesgaṅgāya streamsotaṁ having cutchetvā to safetysotthinā the far shorepāraṁ wentagamaṁsu;
even soevameva indeedkho, monksbhikkhave, whoye thosete mendicantsbhikkhū of threetiṇṇaṁ of fetterssaṁyojanānaṁ with the endingparikkhayā stream-entererssotāpannā not liable to be reborn in the underworldavinipātadhammā assuredniyatā destined for awakeningsambodhiparāyanā, they tootepi breastingtiriyaṁ of Māramārassa streamsotaṁ having cutchetvā to safetysotthinā the far shorepāraṁ will gogamissanti.

Just like the calves and weak cattle who crossed the Ganges to safety are the mendicants who, with the ending of three fetters are stream-enterers, not liable to be reborn in the underworld, assured, destined for awakening. They too, having breasted Māra’s stream, will safely cross over to the far shore.

just asSeyyathāpi heso, monksbhikkhave, young calfvacchako tendertaruṇako just thentāvadeva bornjātako by mother's lowingmātugoravakena being urged onvuyhamāno acrosstiriyaṁ of the Gangesgaṅgāya streamsotaṁ having crossedchetvā to safetysotthinā to the far shorepāraṁ wentagamāsi;
just soevameva indeedkho, monksbhikkhave, whoye thosete monksbhikkhū followers of teachingsdhammānusārino followers by faithsaddhānusārino, they tootepi acrosstiriyaṁ of Māramārassa streamsotaṁ having crossedchetvā to safetysotthinā to the far shorepāraṁ will gogamissanti.

Just like the baby calf who had just been born, but, urged on by its mother’s lowing, still managed to cross the Ganges to safety are the mendicants who are followers of teachings, followers by faith. They too, having breasted Māra’s stream, will safely cross over to the far shore.

IAhaṁ indeedkho nowpana, mendicantsbhikkhave, skilledkusalo in thisimassa worldlokassa skilledkusalo in the otherparassa worldlokassa, skilledkusalo in Māra's domainmāradheyyassa skilledkusalo in what is not Māra's domainamāradheyyassa, skilledkusalo in Death's domainmaccudheyyassa skilledkusalo in what is not Death's domainamaccudheyyassa. for thoseTassa of memayhaṁ, mendicantsbhikkhave, whoye worth listening tosotabbaṁ worth trustingsaddahātabbaṁ will thinkmaññissanti, for themtesaṁ thattaṁ will bebhavissati for a long timedīgharattaṁ for welfarehitāya for happinesssukhāyā”ti.

Mendicants, I am skilled in this world and the other world, skilled in Māra’s dominion and its opposite, and skilled in Death’s dominion and its opposite. If anyone thinks I am worth listening to and trusting, it will be for their lasting welfare and happiness.”

this he saidIdamavoca the Blessed Onebhagavā.
thisIdaṁ having saidvatvā the Holy Onesugato then furtherathāparaṁ this he saidetadavoca the Teachersatthā:
this“Ayaṁ worldloko the otherparo worldloko,
by one who knowsjānatā clearly explainedsuppakāsito;
and whatYañca by Māramārena reachedsampattaṁ,
not reachedappattaṁ and whatyañca by Deathmaccunā.
the wholeSabbaṁ worldlokaṁ directly knowingabhiññāya,
by the Fully Awakened Onesambuddhena who understandspajānatā;
openedVivaṭaṁ the door to the deathlessamatadvāraṁ,
the sanctuarykhemaṁ for attaining extinguishmentnibbānapattiyā.
cutChinnaṁ of the Wicked Onepāpimato streamsotaṁ,
blown awayViddhastaṁ mown downvinaḷīkataṁ;
full of joyPāmojjabahulā behotha,
the sanctuaryKhemaṁ set your heart onpattattha mendicantsbhikkhavo”ti.
the Shorter Discourse on the CowherdCūḷagopālakasuttaṁ is finishedniṭṭhitaṁ fourthcatutthaṁ.

That is what the Buddha said. Then the Holy One, the Teacher, went on to say: “This world and the other world have been clearly explained by one who knows; as well as Māra’s reach, and what’s out of Death’s reach. Directly knowing the whole world, the Buddha who understands has opened the door to freedom from death, for finding the sanctuary, extinguishment. The Wicked One’s stream has been cut, it’s blown away and mown down. Be full of joy, mendicants, set your heart on sanctuary!”

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