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Majjhima Nikāya 45

Cūḷadhammasamādānasutta

The Shorter Discourse on Taking Up Practices · Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato, SuttaCentral

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theyTe in sensual pleasureskāmesu indulgencepātabyataṁ they fall intoāpajjanti.
theyTe with top-knottedmoḷibaddhāhi female wanderersparibbājikāhi they amuse themselvesparicārenti.
theyTe they spoke thusevamāhaṁsu:
what then‘kiṁsu indeednāma thosete sirsbhonto ascetics and brahminssamaṇabrāhmaṇā in sensual pleasureskāmesu future dangeranāgatabhayaṁ seeingsampassamānā of sensual pleasureskāmānaṁ they spoke of abandoningpahānamāhaṁsu, of sensual pleasureskāmānaṁ full understandingpariññaṁ they declarepaññapenti?
pleasantSukho of thisimissā female wanderer'sparibbājikāya youngtaruṇāya softmudukāya downylomasāya arm'sbāhāya touchsamphasso’ti.
theyTe in sensual pleasureskāmesu indulgencepātabyataṁ they fall intoāpajjanti.
theyTe in sensual pleasureskāmesu indulgencepātabyataṁ having fallen intoāpajjitvā of the bodykāyassa breaking upbhedā afterparaṁ deathmaraṇā state of lossapāyaṁ a bad destinationduggatiṁ ruinvinipātaṁ hellnirayaṁ they are rebornupapajjanti.
theyTe theretattha painfuldukkhā sharptibbā piercingkharā bitterkaṭukā feelingsvedanā they feelvedayanti.
theyTe they spoke thusevamāhaṁsu:
this‘idaṁ indeedkho thosete sirsbhonto ascetics and brahminssamaṇabrāhmaṇā in sensual pleasureskāmesu future dangeranāgatabhayaṁ seeingsampassamānā of sensual pleasureskāmānaṁ they spoke of abandoningpahānamāhaṁsu, of sensual pleasureskāmānaṁ full understandingpariññaṁ they declarepaññapenti.
theseIme indeedhi wemayaṁ because of sensual pleasureskāmahetu with sensual pleasures as sourcekāmanidānaṁ painfuldukkhā sharptibbā piercingkharā bitterkaṭukā feelingsvedanā we feelvedayāmā’ti.
thisIdaṁ is calledvuccati, monksbhikkhave, way of taking up practicesdhammasamādānaṁ pleasant nowpaccuppannasukhaṁ in the futureāyatiṁ resulting in paindukkhavipākaṁ.

This is called the way of taking up practices that is pleasant now but results in future pain.

which + andKatamañca, monksbhikkhave, practice·taking updhammasamādānaṁ and painful nowpaccuppannadukkhañceva future + andāyatiñca pain·resultdukkhavipākaṁ?
hereIdha, monksbhikkhave, someoneekacco naked asceticacelako ishoti of loose habitsmuttācāro licking his handshatthāpalekhano, does not come when callednaehibhaddantiko, does not wait when callednatiṭṭhabhaddantiko, food brought to themnābhihaṭaṁ, notna food prepared for themuddissakataṁ, notna an invitationnimantanaṁ they acceptsādiyati,
heso notna pot·mouthkumbhimukhā receivespaṭiggaṇhāti, notna bowl·mouthkaḷopimukhā receivespaṭiggaṇhāti, notna from one keeping sheepeḷakamantaraṁ, notna from one with a weapondaṇḍamantaraṁ, notna from one with a shovelmusalamantaraṁ, notna of twodvinnaṁ who are eatingbhuñjamānānaṁ, notna from a pregnant womangabbhiniyā, notna from one breastfeedingpāyamānāya, notna from one living with a manpurisantaragatāya, notna where there are scattered almssaṅkittīsu, notna whereyattha a houndsā is waitingupaṭṭhito ishoti, notna whereyattha fliesmakkhikā buzzing aboutsaṇḍasaṇḍacārinī, notna fishmacchaṁ, notna meatmaṁsaṁ, notna beersuraṁ, notna winemerayaṁ, notna husk·waterthusodakaṁ they drinkpivati.
heSo of one houseekāgāriko orvā ishoti one-mouthful eaterekālopiko, of two housesdvāgāriko orvā ishoti two-mouthful eaterdvālopiko …pe……pe… of seven housessattāgāriko orvā ishoti seven-mouthful eatersattālopiko.
even oneEkissāpi by a saucerdattiyā they feedyāpeti, two + evendvīhipi by saucersdattīhi they feedyāpeti …… seven + evensattahipi by saucersdattīhi they feedyāpeti.

And what is the way of taking up practices that is painful now and results in future pain? It’s when someone goes naked, ignoring conventions. They lick their hands, and don’t come or wait when called. They don’t consent to food brought to them, or food prepared on their behalf, or an invitation for a meal. They don’t receive anything from a pot or bowl; or from someone who keeps sheep, or who has a weapon or a shovel in their home; or where a couple is eating; or where there is a woman who is pregnant, breastfeeding, or who lives with a man; or where there’s a hound waiting or flies buzzing. They accept no fish or meat or beer or wine, and drink no fermented gruel. They go to just one house for alms, taking just one mouthful, or two houses and two mouthfuls, up to seven houses and seven mouthfuls. They feed on one saucer a day, two saucers a day, up to seven saucers a day.

one·dayEkāhikampi foodāhāraṁ eatsāhāreti, two·daydvīhikampi foodāhāraṁ toward·takeāhāreti …… seven·daysattāhikampi foodāhāraṁ eatsāhāreti. thusIti suchevarūpaṁ even once a fortnightaddhamāsikampi committed to the practice of eating food at set intervalspariyāyabhattabhojanānuyogamanuyutto livesviharati.
heSo herb·eatersākabhakkho orvā ishoti, millet·eatersāmākabhakkho orvā ishoti, wild rice·eaternīvārabhakkho orvā ishoti, poor rice·eaterdaddulabhakkho orvā ishoti, water lettuce·eaterhaṭabhakkho orvā ishoti, rice bran·eaterkaṇabhakkho orvā ishoti, rice scum·eaterācāmabhakkho orvā ishoti, sesame flour·eaterpiññākabhakkho orvā ishoti, grass·eatertiṇabhakkho orvā ishoti, cow dung·eatergomayabhakkho orvā ishoti, forest·root·fruit·eatingvanamūlaphalāhāro survivesyāpeti eating fallen fruitpavattaphalabhojī.
heSo even sunn hemp robessāṇānipi wearsdhāreti, even mixed hemp robesmasāṇānipi wearsdhāreti, corpse·clothschavadussānipi wearsdhāreti, even ragspaṁsukūlānipi wearsdhāreti, even lodh tree barktirīṭānipi wearsdhāreti, even antelope hideajinampi wearsdhāreti, antelope·hide stripajinakkhipampi wearsdhāreti, kusa grass·barkkusacīrampi wearsdhāreti, bark·barkvākacīrampi wearsdhāreti, wood-chip·barkphalakacīrampi wearsdhāreti, hair·blanketkesakambalampi wearsdhāreti, horse-tail hair·blanketvāḷakambalampi wearsdhāreti, owl·wingulūkapakkhampi wearsdhāreti,
hair·beard·pullerkesamassulocakopi ishoti, committed to the practice of pulling out hair and beardkesamassulocanānuyogamanuyutto,
even a standing oneubbhaṭṭhakopi ishoti, turning down seatsāsanapaṭikkhitto,
even a squatterukkuṭikopi ishoti committed to the endeavor of squattingukkuṭikappadhānamanuyutto,
even a thorn-mat lierkaṇṭakāpassayikopi ishoti, on a mat of thornskaṇṭakāpassaye bedseyyaṁ makeskappeti,
dusk·three timessāyatatiyakampi committed to the practice of ritual bathingudakorohanānuyogamanuyutto livesviharati.
thusIti suchevarūpaṁ various·arrangedanekavihitaṁ of the bodykāyassa committed to the practice of mortifying and tormentingātāpanaparitāpanānuyogamanuyutto livesviharati.

They eat once a day, once every second day, up to once a week, and so on, even up to once a fortnight. They live committed to the practice of eating food at set intervals. They eat herbs, millet, wild rice, poor rice, water lettuce, rice bran, scum from boiling rice, sesame flour, grass, or cow dung. They survive on forest roots and fruits, or eating fallen fruit. They wear robes of sunn hemp, mixed hemp, corpse-wrapping cloth, rags, lodh tree bark, antelope hide (whole or in strips), kusa grass, bark, wood-chips, human hair, horse-tail hair, or owls’ wings. They tear out their hair and beard, committed to this practice. They constantly stand, turning down seats. They squat, committed to the endeavor of squatting. They lie on a mat of thorns, making a mat of thorns their bed. They’re devoted to ritual bathing three times a day, including at dusk. And so they live committed to practicing these various ways of mortifying and tormenting the body.

So kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā apāyaṁ duggatiṁ vinipātaṁ nirayaṁ upapajjati. Idaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, dhammasamādānaṁ paccuppannadukkhañceva āyatiñca dukkhavipākaṁ.

When their body breaks up, after death, they’re reborn in a place of loss, a bad place, the underworld, hell. This is called the way of taking up practices that is painful now and results in future pain.

Katamañca, bhikkhave, dhammasamādānaṁ paccuppannadukkhaṁ āyatiṁ sukhavipākaṁ? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco pakatiyā tibbarāgajātiko hoti, so abhikkhaṇaṁ rāgajaṁ dukkhaṁ domanassaṁ paṭisaṁvedeti; pakatiyā tibbadosajātiko hoti, so abhikkhaṇaṁ dosajaṁ dukkhaṁ domanassaṁ paṭisaṁvedeti; pakatiyā tibbamohajātiko hoti, so abhikkhaṇaṁ mohajaṁ dukkhaṁ domanassaṁ paṭisaṁvedeti. So sahāpi dukkhena, sahāpi domanassena, assumukhopi rudamāno paripuṇṇaṁ parisuddhaṁ brahmacariyaṁ carati. So kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā sugatiṁ saggaṁ lokaṁ upapajjati. Idaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, dhammasamādānaṁ paccuppannadukkhaṁ āyatiṁ sukhavipākaṁ.

And what is the way of taking up practices that is painful now but results in future pleasure? It’s when someone is ordinarily full of acute greed, hate, and delusion. They often feel the pain and sadness that greed, hate, and delusion bring. They lead the full and pure spiritual life in pain and sadness, weeping, with tearful faces. When their body breaks up, after death, they’re reborn in a good place, a heavenly realm. This is called the way of taking up practices that is painful now but results in future pleasure.

Katamañca, bhikkhave, dhammasamādānaṁ paccuppannasukhañceva āyatiñca sukhavipākaṁ? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco pakatiyā na tibbarāgajātiko hoti, so na abhikkhaṇaṁ rāgajaṁ dukkhaṁ domanassaṁ paṭisaṁvedeti; pakatiyā na tibbadosajātiko hoti, so na abhikkhaṇaṁ dosajaṁ dukkhaṁ domanassaṁ paṭisaṁvedeti; pakatiyā na tibbamohajātiko hoti, so na abhikkhaṇaṁ mohajaṁ dukkhaṁ domanassaṁ paṭisaṁvedeti. So vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṁ savicāraṁ vivekajaṁ pītisukhaṁ paṭhamaṁ jhānaṁ upasampajja viharati. Vitakkavicārānaṁ vūpasamā ajjhattaṁ sampasādanaṁ cetaso ekodibhāvaṁ avitakkaṁ avicāraṁ samādhijaṁ pītisukhaṁ dutiyaṁ jhānaṁ …pe… tatiyaṁ jhānaṁ … catutthaṁ jhānaṁ upasampajja viharati. So kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā sugatiṁ saggaṁ lokaṁ upapajjati. Idaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, dhammasamādānaṁ paccuppannasukhañceva āyatiñca sukhavipākaṁ. Imāni kho, bhikkhave, cattāri dhammasamādānānī”ti. Idamavoca bhagavā.

And what is the way of taking up practices that is pleasant now and results in future pleasure? It’s when someone is not ordinarily full of acute greed, hate, and delusion. They rarely feel the pain and sadness that greed, hate, and delusion bring. Quite secluded from sensual pleasures, secluded from unskillful qualities, they enter and remain in the first absorption … second absorption … third absorption … fourth absorption. When their body breaks up, after death, they’re reborn in a good place, a heavenly realm. This is called the way of taking up practices that is pleasant now and results in future pleasure. These are the four ways of taking up practices.” That is what the Buddha said.

Attamanā te bhikkhū bhagavato bhāsitaṁ abhinandunti. Cūḷadhammasamādānasuttaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ pañcamaṁ.

Satisfied, the mendicants approved what the Buddha said.

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