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Majjhima Nikāya 67

Cātumasutta

At Cātumā · Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato, SuttaCentral

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to himTassa thusevaṁ it occurs:hoti: we‘mayaṁ indeedkho formerlypubbe layperson·beenagāriyabhūtā beingsamānā whatyaṁ we wishicchāma thattaṁ we eatkhādāma, whatyaṁ notna we wishicchāma notna thattaṁ we eatkhādāma; whatyaṁ we wishicchāma thattaṁ we consumebhuñjāma, whatyaṁ notna we wishicchāma notna thattaṁ we consumebhuñjāma; whatyaṁ we wishicchāma thattaṁ we tastesāyāma, whatyaṁ notna we wishicchāma notna thattaṁ we tastesāyāma; whatyaṁ we wishicchāma thattaṁ we drinkpivāma, whatyaṁ notna we wishicchāma notna thattaṁ we drinkpivāma;
even allowablekappiyampi we eatkhādāma, even unallowableakappiyampi we eatkhādāma; even allowablekappiyampi we consumebhuñjāma, even unallowableakappiyampi we consumebhuñjāma; even allowablekappiyampi we tastesāyāma, even unallowableakappiyampi we tastesāyāma; even allowablekappiyampi we drinkpivāma, even unallowableakappiyampi we drinkpivāma; time·evenkālepi we eatkhādāma, wrong·time·evenvikālepi we eatkhādāma; time·evenkālepi we consumebhuñjāma wrong·time·evenvikālepi we consumebhuñjāma; time·evenkālepi we tastesāyāma, wrong·time·evenvikālepi we tastesāyāma; time·evenkālepi we drinkpivāma, wrong·time·evenvikālepi we drinkpivāma.
what·andYampi usno faithfulsaddhā householdersgahapatikā by daydivā wrong·timevikāle deliciouspaṇītaṁ fresh foodkhādanīyaṁ cooked foodbhojanīyaṁ they givedenti there·upon + thesetatthapime mouth·gagmukhāvaraṇaṁ I thinkmaññe make·quotation markerkarontī’ti.
heSo the trainingsikkhaṁ having rejectedpaccakkhāya returns to a lesser lifehīnāyāvattati.

They think: ‘Formerly, as laypeople, we used to eat, consume, taste, and drink what we wanted, not what we didn’t want. We ate and drank both allowable and unallowable things, at the right time and the wrong time. And these faithful householders give us delicious fresh and cooked foods at the wrong time of day. But these guys imagine they can gag our mouths!’ They resign the training and return to a lesser life.

thisAyaṁ is calledvuccati, monksbhikkhave, gharial·dangerkumbhīlabhayassa afraidbhīto the trainingsikkhaṁ having resignedpaccakkhāya returned to a lesser lifehīnāyāvatto.
“danger of gharials”‘Kumbhīlabhayan’ti indeedkho, monksbhikkhave, for gluttonyodarikattassetaṁ a termadhivacanaṁ.

This is called one who resigns the training and returns to a lesser life because they’re afraid of the danger of gharials. ‘Danger of gharials’ is a term for gluttony.

and whichKatamañca, mendicantsbhikkhave, the danger of whirlpoolsāvaṭṭabhayaṁ?
hereIdha, mendicantsbhikkhave, someekacco a gentlemankulaputto out of faithsaddhā from the lay lifeagārasmā to homelessnessanagāriyaṁ gone forthpabbajito ishoti:
I am swamped‘otiṇṇomhi by rebirthjātiyā by old agejarāya by deathmaraṇena by sorrowsokehi by lamentationparidevehi by paindukkhehi by sadnessdomanassehi by distressupāyāsehi swamped by sufferingdukkhotiṇṇo mired in sufferingdukkhapareto;
hopefullyappeva indeednāma of thisimassa entirekevalassa of the mass of sufferingdukkhakkhandhassa an endantakiriyā could be knownpaññāyethā’ti.
heSo thusevaṁ gone forthpabbajito beingsamāno in the morningpubbaṇhasamayaṁ having robed upnivāsetvā bowl·robe·takingpattacīvaramādāya a villagegāmaṁ orvā a townnigamaṁ orvā for almspiṇḍāya enterspavisati.
with unguardedArakkhiteneva with bodykāyena with unguardedarakkhitāya with speechvācāya with unestablishedanupaṭṭhitāya with mindfulnesssatiyā with unrestrainedasaṁvutehi with facultiesindriyehi heso theretattha seespassati a householdergahapatiṁ orvā a householder's childgahapatiputtaṁ orvā with fivepañcahi with kinds of sensual stimulationkāmaguṇehi suppliedsamappitaṁ providedsamaṅgībhūtaṁ amusing themselvesparicārayamānaṁ.
to themTassa thusevaṁ there ishoti:
we‘mayaṁ indeedkho formerlypubbe as laypeopleagāriyabhūtā beingsamānā with fivepañcahi with kinds of sensual stimulationkāmaguṇehi suppliedsamappitā providedsamaṅgībhūtā we amused ourselvesparicārimhā.
there areSaṁvijjanti indeedkho andpana myme in familykule wealthbhogā.
possibleSakkā wealthbhoge andca to enjoybhuñjituṁ meritpuññāni andca to makekātun’ti.
heSo the trainingsikkhaṁ having rejectedpaccakkhāya returns to a lesser lifehīnāyāvattati.

And what, mendicants, is the danger of whirlpools? It’s when a gentleman has gone forth out of faith from the lay life to homelessness, thinking: ‘I’m swamped by rebirth, old age, and death; by sorrow, lamentation, pain, sadness, and distress. I’m swamped by suffering, mired in suffering. Hopefully I can make an end to this entire mass of suffering.’ When they’ve gone forth, they robe up in the morning and, taking their bowl and robe, enter a village or town for alms without guarding body, speech, and mind, without establishing mindfulness, and without restraining the sense faculties. There they see a householder or their child amusing themselves, supplied and provided with the five kinds of sensual stimulation. They think: ‘Formerly, as laypeople, we amused ourselves, supplied and provided with the five kinds of sensual stimulation. And it’s true that my family is wealthy. I can both enjoy my wealth and make merit.’ They resign the training and return to a lesser life.

thisAyaṁ is calledvuccati, monksbhikkhave, whirlpool·dangerāvaṭṭabhayassa afraidbhīto trainingsikkhaṁ having renouncedpaccakkhāya lesser life·returnedhīnāyāvatto.
danger of whirlpools‘Āvaṭṭabhayan’ti indeedkho, monksbhikkhave, of these fivepañcannetaṁ of sensual tieskāmaguṇānaṁ termadhivacanaṁ.

This is called one who resigns the training and returns to a lesser life for fear of the danger of whirlpools. ‘Danger of whirlpools’ is a term for the five kinds of sensual stimulation.

and whichKatamañca, mendicantsbhikkhave, is the danger of sharks?susukābhayaṁ?
hereIdha, mendicantsbhikkhave, someekacco gentlemankulaputto out of faithsaddhā from the lay lifeagārasmā to homelessnessanagāriyaṁ has gone forthpabbajito ishoti:
I am swamped‘otiṇṇomhi by rebirthjātiyā by old agejarāya by deathmaraṇena by sorrowsokehi by lamentationparidevehi by paindukkhehi by sadnessdomanassehi by distressupāyāsehi swamped by sufferingdukkhotiṇṇo mired in sufferingdukkhapareto;
hopefullyappeva indeednāma of thisimassa entirekevalassa of the mass of sufferingdukkhakkhandhassa an endantakiriyā may be madepaññāyethā’ti.
heSo thusevaṁ gone forthpabbajito beingsamāno in the morningpubbaṇhasamayaṁ having robed upnivāsetvā taking bowl and robepattacīvaramādāya a villagegāmaṁ orvā a townnigamaṁ orvā for almspiṇḍāya enterspavisati.
unguardedArakkhiteneva with bodykāyena unguardedarakkhitāya with speechvācāya unestablishedanupaṭṭhitāya with mindfulnesssatiyā unrestrainedasaṁvutehi with sense facultiesindriyehi heso theretattha seespassati a ladymātugāmaṁ scantily claddunnivatthaṁ orvā with revealing clothesduppārutaṁ orvā.
hisTassa a ladymātugāmaṁ having seendisvā scantily claddunnivatthaṁ orvā with revealing clothesduppārutaṁ orvā lustrāgo mindcittaṁ infectsanuddhaṁseti.
heSo with mind infected by lustrāgānuddhaṁsena with mindcittena the trainingsikkhaṁ having resignedpaccakkhāya returns to a lesser lifehīnāyāvattati.
thisAyaṁ is calledvuccati, mendicantsbhikkhave, of the danger of sharkssusukābhayassa afraidbhīto the trainingsikkhaṁ having resignedpaccakkhāya returned to a lesser lifehīnāyāvatto.
danger of sharks‘Susukābhayan’ti indeedkho, mendicantsbhikkhave, for ladiesmātugāmassetaṁ is a termadhivacanaṁ.

And what, mendicants, is the danger of sharks? It’s when a gentleman has gone forth out of faith from the lay life to homelessness, thinking: ‘I’m swamped by rebirth, old age, and death; by sorrow, lamentation, pain, sadness, and distress. I’m swamped by suffering, mired in suffering. Hopefully I can make an end to this entire mass of suffering.’ When they’ve gone forth, they robe up in the morning and, taking their bowl and robe, enter a village or town for alms without guarding body, speech, and mind, without establishing mindfulness, and without restraining the sense faculties. There they see a lady scantily clad, with revealing clothes. Lust infects their mind, so they resign the training and return to a lesser life. This is called one who resigns the training and returns to a lesser life for fear of the danger of sharks. ‘Danger of sharks’ is a term for ladies.

theseImāni indeedkho, monksbhikkhave, fourcattāri dangersbhayāni, some individuals hereidhekacce individualspuggale in thisimasmiṁ teaching·trainingdhammavinaye from the lay lifeagārasmā not·lay lifeanagāriyaṁ gone forthpabbajite should be anticipatedpāṭikaṅkhitabbānī”ti.
this·saidIdamavoca the Buddhabhagavā.
self·mindAttamanā thosete monksbhikkhū of the Buddhabhagavato speechbhāsitaṁ approvedabhinandunti.
at CātumāCātumasuttaṁ finishedniṭṭhitaṁ seventhsattamaṁ.

These are the four dangers that an individual who gone forth from the lay life to homelessness in this teaching and training should anticipate.” That is what the Buddha said. Satisfied, the mendicants approved what the Buddha said.

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