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byāpādaṁ

byāpāda

accusative singular masculine of byāpāda (resolved from surface form byāpādaṁ)

1. ill-will, malice
2. aversion, hostility
3. the mental faculty of hatred

Built from

• vi — prefix · apart, asunder
  Intensifying prefix suggesting clarity or directedness; cognate with Latin dis- (divide).
• ā — prefix · toward
  Reverses motion verbs; suggests approach or bearing down on the object.
• pad — root · fall, strike
  The root √pad conveys falling or striking; combined with ā it suggests bearing down, striking toward.
• a — ending · masculine nominative/accusative base
  Forms the nominalised abstract noun; accusative -ṁ marks the object of a verb.

Analysis. vi- (apart, asunder) + ā- (toward) + √pad (fall, strike). The concrete image is of malice as 'striking toward' or 'falling upon' someone; the prefix vi- intensifies the sense of directed hostility.

Etymology. Composed of prefix vi- (apart, asunder; cognate with Latin dis-) and ā-pad (strike toward). Related to Sanskrit vyāpāda. The spatial imagery of 'striking' or 'falling upon' underlies the sense of active ill-will and aversion.

Meanings from the Digital Pāḷi Dictionary; morphology and etymology by Claude.

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