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dukkhasamudaye

dukkhasamudaya

masc acc pl of dukkhasamudaya (noun); masc loc sg of dukkhasamudaya (noun)

1. source of stress; arising of suffering; appearance of discomfort

Built from

• duk — prefix · bad, hard
  du- negates or marks badness; Greek dys- (dysfunction). Spatial sense: wrongness, difficulty.
• kha — root · space, opening
  Pali kha; Sanskrit kha. Refers to the open expanse, here inverted to cramped unease.
• sam — prefix · together, completely
  sam- (also saṁ-) brings things into one; Latin cum-, English same. Works spatially: gathering into a whole.
• ud — prefix · up, out, upward
  ud- (also u-) springs or rises outward; English out, German aus. Concrete imagery of emergence.
• aya — ending · going, motion, process
  Nominalizing suffix marking abstract action or process: the going-together-and-up, i.e. arising.

Analysis. dukkha (stress, suffering) + samudaya (arising, origination); the origination or appearance of stress. In the Second Noble Truth (dukkhasamudaye samudayaṃ), the compound names the cause or source-condition of suffering.

Etymology. dukkha: du- (bad, gone wrong; Greek dys-) + kha (space, opening), lit. 'bad space'—the uneasy, cramped condition. samudaya: sam- (together) + ud- (up, out) + aya (going), lit. 'coming together and arising'; cognate with Sanskrit samudaya and related to English 'tide' (√steigh 'rise'). The compound frames causation in spatial imagery: suffering arises when conditions gather and spring up.

Meanings from the Digital Pāḷi Dictionary; morphology and etymology by Claude.

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