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dukkhavipākanti

dukkhavipāka

adj (nom. sg. masc. or fem., or used adverbially with iti)

1. resulting in suffering; with painful results

Built from

• dukkhavipāka — stem · suffering-result
  A tatpuruṣa compound: dukkha- (suffering, hardship, from du- + kh-) + vipāka- (result, ripening, from vi- 'apart' + pāka 'ripening'). Together it denotes the painful fruit or consequence of action.
• ṃ — ending · accusative singular
  Marks the object of the clause or the scope of the quoted phrase.
• iti — root · thus, so
  An indeclinable particle introducing or closing direct discourse, quotation, or emphasis; here it marks dukkhavipākaṃ as a cited term.

Analysis. dukkhavipākaṃ + iti: the compound dukkhavipāka (dukkha- 'suffering' + vipāka- 'result, ripening') in accusative form + iti 'thus, so', marking it as a quoted or emphasized phrase; literally 'suffering-result thus'.

Etymology. dukkha- is du- (bad, gone wrong) + the root kh- related to √khata 'dug' or √khu 'dig', originally 'hard, difficult to dig' hence 'suffering'; vipāka- is vi- (apart, in different directions) + pāka (ripening, result), from √pac 'cook, ripen', so 'ripening apart' or 'ripening that spreads out into consequences'. The prefix du- is cognate with Greek dys- (dysfunction, dystopia).

Meanings from the Digital Pāḷi Dictionary; morphology and etymology by Claude.

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