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dutiyampi

dutiya

indeclinable (sandhi form dutiyampi = dutiyaṃ + api)

1. dutiya (ordin): second (2nd)
2. dutiya (adj): as a companion; as a partner; lit. second person
3. dutiya (masc): (gram) second consonant of each vagga; kh, ch, ṭh, th, ph; lit. second
4. dutiyampi (sandhi): for the second time
5. dutiyaṃ (ind): second time
6. dutiyā (fem): second woman; another woman; female companion
7. dutiyā (fem): (gram) accusative case
8. dutī (fem): messenger, envoy
9. …

Built from

• dvi — root · two
  Indo-European root *dw-o giving English 'two', Greek dýo, Sanskrit dvi. Ordinals are built from the number stem.
• -tiya — ending · ordinal suffix
  Forms ordinal numbers from cardinal numbers; cognate with Latin -tius (tertius, secundus). Produces adjectives meaning 'in the position of that number'.
• api — prefix · even, also
  Emphatic particle from Indo-European *api- 'near, at'. Combined with dutiyaṃ to intensify the sense of repetition or reiteration.

Analysis. dutiyaṃ (accusative of dutiya, 'second') + api ('even, also'), forming an emphatic or iterative phrase: 'a second time again' or 'once more'.

Etymology. dutiya from dvi- (two, dual) + -tiya (ordinal suffix, as in Latin -tius in tertius). The root dvi- is the same Indo-European *dw-o that gives English 'two', Greek dýo, Sanskrit dvi. The ordinal -tiya is cognate with Latin -tius (tertius 'third', secundus from sequor). api is the particle 'also, even', from Indo-European *api-, found in Latin post (earlier *apo) and English after.

Meanings from the Digital Pāḷi Dictionary; morphology and etymology by Claude.

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