kāsirājānaṁ

kāsirāja

masculine accusative plural of kāsirāja (a possessive-style nominal compound: 'the king(s) of Kāsī')

king(s) of Kāsī (the ancient kingdom; Varanasi in later history)
ruler(s) of the land of Kāsī

Built from

kāsi — root · Kāsī (kingdom)
A proper noun denoting the ancient kingdom in northern India; possibly connected to a root meaning 'to shine' or 'be bright'.
rāja — root · king
From Indo-European *reg- 'to rule': cognate with Latin rex, English reach (to rule/extend). The king as one who rules or 'reaches' over the land.
aṁ — ending · accusative plural
Marks the plural object or patient; here the kings of Kāsī as the entity being acted upon or referenced.

Analysis. kāsi + rāja, 'Kāsī' (the kingdom) + 'king'; kāsirāja is a compound governing noun or adjective referring to the monarch(s) of that realm. The accusative plural ending -aṁ marks the object or patient in this context.

Etymology. Kāsī (also kāsi) is an ancient place-name, possibly from a Sanskrit root meaning 'to shine' (kāś-), reflecting the region's prominence; rāja 'king' is cognate with Latin rex and English reach (in the sense of 'rule, extend')—both from the Indo-European root *reg- 'to rule, guide in a straight line'.

Meanings from the Digital Pāḷi Dictionary; morphology and etymology by Claude.

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