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kharānaṁ

khara

genitive plural of khara (adjective)

1. rough
2. harsh
3. severe

Built from

• khara — stem · rough, harsh
  Adjective stem from √khar- (to scratch or grate); the concrete scraping imagery lies behind the sense of physical roughness and abstract severity.
• aṁ — ending · genitive plural
  Genitive plural ending marking possession or relationship; in this form, relates rough/harsh things or qualities to a noun in the sentence.

Etymology. Root √khar- (to scratch, grate) is cognate with Sanskrit khara- and Greek χαράσσω (kharassō, to scratch or engrave). The concrete sense of physical roughness (a surface that scrapes or grates) extends to abstract harshness of sound, manner, or experience.

Meanings from the Digital Pāḷi Dictionary; morphology and etymology by Claude.

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