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kiṁsamudayo

noun, masculine, nominative singular; compound (kiṁ + samudayo)

1. source of suffering
2. origin of suffering
3. how suffering arises

Built from

• kiṁ — root · what; suffering
  The interrogative 'what' here takes on the sense of dukkha (suffering) in doctrinal context. In the Second Noble Truth, kiṁsamudayo denotes the arising of suffering through craving and clinging.
• saṁ — prefix · together, completely
  Brings conditions into a unified whole; cognate with English 'same' and Latin 'similis'. Here conveys the complete confluence of causes.
• ud — prefix · up, out
  Upward and outward emergence; cognate with English 'out'. Adds sense of arising or springing forth.
• aya — ending · going, state
  Nominalizing suffix from √i 'go'; creates abstract nouns denoting states or processes. Here marks the abstract process or state of arising.

Analysis. kiṁ (what, suffering) + samudayo (arising, origin); a compound denoting the origin or source of dukkha in the Four Noble Truths framework.

Etymology. samudayo is saṁ (together) + ud (up, out) + aya (going), literally 'uprising' or 'arising together'; cognate with English 'up' and related to Latin 'audire'. The prefix saṁ- conveys completeness and the bringing-together of conditions; ud- adds the sense of emergence upward.

Meanings from the Digital Pāḷi Dictionary; morphology and etymology by Claude.

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