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kodhūpāyāsaṁ

kodhūpāyāsa

accusative singular of kodhūpāyāsa (noun, m.); alternatively analyzed as a compound nominative form kodhūpāyāsaṁ in some texts

1. anger and dejection together
2. rage mixed with sorrow
3. wrath and lamentation

Built from

• kodha — root · anger, wrath
  From Sanskrit krodha; related to trembling and agitation. A key hindrance (nīvaraṇa) in Buddhist psychology.
• upa — prefix · near, toward
  Marks approach or proximity; here, dejection drawn close as a companion to anger.
• āyāsa — stem · trouble, distress
  Formed from ā (toward) + yāsa; expresses strain and difficulty pressing in on the mind.

Analysis. Compound: kodha (anger, wrath) + upāyāsa (dejection, despair, from upa + āyāsa "trouble, distress approaching"). The prefix upa- conveys proximity or approach, so upāyāsa is "dejection drawing near"; the two emotional states are joined as a single compound psychic state.

Etymology. kodha: Sanskrit krodha, from Indo-European root *kred- (to tremble, rage); upāyāsa: upa (near, alongside) + āyāsa (trouble, from ā (toward) + yāsa, related to yam- "to strain, trouble"). The compound emphasizes a complex emotional turbulence combining anger and sorrow.

Meanings from the Digital Pāḷi Dictionary; morphology and etymology by Claude.

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