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maṅkubhūto

maṅkubhūta

masc nom sg of maṅkubhūta (adj)

1. dumbstruck; humiliated; embarrassed; despondent

Built from

• maṅku — root · ashamed, confused
  An expressive or onomatopoetic root of uncertain derivation, suggesting mental perturbation and loss of composure. Often appears in canonical descriptions of moral disquiet.
• bhūta — stem · become, been
  Past participle of bhavati (become), from PIE *bheue(n)- "to swell, grow, become". Cognate with Sanskrit bhūta, Greek phytos (plant), and English be. Here it forms the adjectival past participle expressing a resultant state.

Analysis. maṅku (ashamed, confused) + bhūta (become, been): "become ashamed/confused", formed as a past participle expressing a state.

Etymology. maṅku is of uncertain origin, possibly onomatopoetic or expressive of mental confusion; bhūta is the past participle of bhavati (become), cognate with Sanskrit bhūta, Greek phyto- (phytology), and English be. The compound idiomatically denotes a psychological state entered into, common in doctrinal contexts for describing spiritual shame (hiri) and moral confusion.

Meanings from the Digital Pāḷi Dictionary; morphology and etymology by Claude.

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