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ovadiyamānā

ovadiyamāna

masc nom pl of ovadiyamāna (prp); fem nom sg of ovadiyamāna (prp); fem nom pl of ovadiyamāna (prp); nt nom pl of ovadiyamāna (prp); …

1. being advised; being instructed; being admonished (by); lit. being spoken down

Built from

• ava — prefix · down, off
  Spatial: the downward direction of descent. Cognate with Latin au- (aufero 'carry off'). Here the teacher's words descend toward the pupil.
• vad — root · speak, say
  Root meaning: utterance, voice. Cognate with Latin vōx, Sanskrit vadati. The core sense is speech or sound issuing forth.
• iya — ending · gerundive suffix
  Forms adjectives expressing fitness, necessity, or potential action. Here it marks the action as one that ought to be or is being done.
• māna — ending · present participle
  Marks ongoing or habitual action in the present; agrees with nom pl masculine, nom sg/pl feminine, nom pl neuter. Shows the state of undergoing instruction.

Analysis. ova-diyamāna: ova (ava + a, down + toward) + di (√vad, speak) + yam (gerundive suffix -ya-) + āna (participle ending). The prefix ava- gives downward direction to speech: 'spoken down to', advice or admonition descending from teacher to pupil.

Etymology. √vad (speak) is cognate with Latin vōx (voice), Sanskrit vadati. The prefix ava- (down, off) combines with it as in avakampati (trembles down); here the concrete downward motion of instruction becomes admonition. The gerundive -ya- (expressing fitness or necessity) and participle -māna (present action) combine to show the receiver undergoing the action of being advised.

Meanings from the Digital Pāḷi Dictionary; morphology and etymology by Claude.

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