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pātimokkhasaṁvarasaṁvuto

pātimokkhasaṁvara

masculine nominative singular, past participle (saṁvuto) describing one who observes the Pātimokkha; the form pātimokkhasaṁvarasaṁvuto is a compound nominative singular meaning 'restrained by Pātimokkha restraint'

1. restrained by the Pātimokkha (the monastic code)
2. one who observes the monastic precepts
3. disciplined (in the context of monastic vows)

Built from

• pāti — prefix · each, individual
  From paṭi-, meaning 'each one respectively'; the concreteness of facing or turning toward each precept.
• mokkha — stem · release
  From √much 'to loosen, release'; a metaphor for freedom gained through discipline.
• saṁ — prefix · together, completely
  Cognate with English 'same' and Latin similis; the spatial sense of gathering together becomes the abstract sense of completeness in restraint.
• var — root · cover, restrain
  Indo-European root cognate with Latin uertō 'turn'; the concrete image is wrapping or covering oneself in restraint.
• a — stem · abstract noun suffix
  Forms the noun saṁvara 'restraint' from the verbal root.
• saṁ — prefix · together, completely
  Second occurrence, emphasizing the totalizing nature of the restraint.
• vuto — ending · restrained (past participle)
  Masculine nominative singular past participle of varati, marking the completed state of being covered or restrained by the code.

Analysis. pātimokkha (the monastic code, from pāti 'each' + mokkha 'release') + saṁvara (restraint, from saṁ 'together' + √vṛ 'cover, restrain') + saṁvuto (past participle of saṁvarati 'is restrained'), compounds as 'restrained by the Pātimokkha'; the reduplication emphasizes the completeness of restraint through adherence to the code.

Etymology. pātimokkha < pāti 'each' (< prati-) + mokkha 'release' (< mokkhati, √much 'to release'); saṁvara < saṁ 'together' (cognate with English 'same') + √vṛ 'to cover, restrain, turn' (cognate with Sanskrit vṛṇoti, Latin uertō 'turn'); the prefix saṁ- suggests drawing together into one complete restraint.

Meanings from the Digital Pāḷi Dictionary; morphology and etymology by Claude.

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