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paṭivirato

paṭivirata

masc nom sg of paṭivirata (pp)

1. abstained; desisted (from)

Built from

• paṭi — prefix · back, against
  Directional prefix signaling counter-action or return; here reinforces the sense of deliberate restraint turning away from an action.
• vīra — root · turn away, refrain
  Related to Sanskrit vṛ- "choose, turn"; the concrete image is of turning aside or screening off from temptation.
• -ta — ending · past participle
  Marks completed action in a nominal form; here paṭivirata is used attributively as an adjective meaning one who has turned away from or refrained from conduct.

Analysis. paṭi (back, against) + virata (past participle of viratti, to refrain). The prefix paṭi- adds the sense of return or counter-action to the root concept of refraining, creating the sense of actively holding back or restraining oneself against an impulse.

Etymology. From paṭi- (back, against, returning) + √vṛ (to choose, turn, or screen off). The root vṛ appears in Sanskrit vṛṇoti "chooses" and vivarti "turns away"; virata thus means "turned away from" or "abstained from." The prefix paṭi- emphasizes the deliberate counter-motion or restraint involved.

Meanings from the Digital Pāḷi Dictionary; morphology and etymology by Claude.

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