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paccuppannadukkhañceva

paccuppanna-dukkha

noun, accusative singular (with enclitic -ceva 'and indeed'); compound form paccuppannadukkhañceva (contracted sandhi)

1. present suffering
2. suffering now occurring
3. suffering in the here-and-now (a doctrinal category)

Built from

• paṭi — prefix · against, back toward
  Signals opposition or return; here, something turning to face the observer.
• ud — prefix · up, out, forth
  Adds sense of rising, emerging, springing into presence.
• ap — root · come, arrive, reach
  Core sense of motion toward a goal or into awareness; related to Sanskrit āp-, Latin appāreō 'appear'.
• anna — ending · past participle
  Marks the participial adjective 'arisen, come'. Here modifying an understood subject or substantivized to mean 'that which has come'.
• dukkha — stem · suffering, pain
  The object or target of the present moment's distress; a core doctrinal term.
• ceva — ending · and indeed, also
  Enclitic particle adding emphasis and coordination in a series of terms.

Analysis. paṭi + ud + √ap + anna (past participle) + dukkha; 'that which has come forth/arisen against (i.e. in the face of) one, right now' — in the three-types classification, the suffering actively experienced in this moment, contrasted with samuppajjadukkha (suffering as it arises) and aniccatādukkha (suffering inherent in impermanence). The enclitic -ceva adds emphasis: 'present suffering indeed'.

Etymology. paṭi- (back, against, counter to) + ud- (up, out) + √ap (come, arrive): 'what comes forth against one, now before one'. Related to paṭuppanna 'arisen before one, present' and Sanskrit pratup-anna. The prefix paṭi- keeps its sense of immediacy in the face of the observer; ud- carries the sense of rising up into awareness.

Meanings from the Digital Pāḷi Dictionary; morphology and etymology by Claude.

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