parājito

parājita

masc nom sg of parājita (pp)

conquered; defeated; who lost

Built from

parā — prefix · away, beyond, on the other side
From spatial 'on the far side', reversed here to mean 'conquered, defeated' — the victory goes away from you. See also parāmattha 'the ultimate meaning (beyond ordinary understanding)', paramatā 'the other's view (on the far side)'.
jayati — root · conquer, overcome, win
From √jay or √ji. Cognate with Sanskrit jayati and Latin iugum 'yoke' (from *yeuh- 'to join, bind, yoke'). The concrete image is mastery over an opponent, binding them to one's will.
-ita — ending · past participle, -ed
Passive perfect participle ending -ita forms adjectives: 'having been conquered'. Here it shifts jayati into an adjectival passive sense, marking the one acted upon (defeated) rather than the agent (victor).

Analysis. parā + jita: parā 'away, on the other side' (prefix) + jita 'conquered' (past participle of jayati 'to conquer, overcome'). The prefix parā reverses the sense of conquest: 'conquered away from victory', hence defeated, conquered by another.

Etymology. parā (away, beyond, on the far side) + jayati (Sanskrit jyati, from Indo-European *yeuh- 'to join, bind'; related to Greek ζεύγνυμι zeúgnumi 'to yoke, join'). The prefix parā ('on the other side, away') inverts the agent perspective of jaya (victory): one is parājita when conquest goes away from oneself toward the victor.

Meanings from the Digital Pāḷi Dictionary; morphology and etymology by Claude.

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