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paradukkhūpadhānena

paradukkhūpadhāna

nt instr sg of paradukkhūpadhāna (noun)

1. imposing suffering on others; causing another discomfort; lit. placing suffering near another

Built from

• para- — prefix · other, another
  Indicates the object toward which the action is directed; from PIE *per- 'forward, through'.
• dukkha- — stem · suffering, pain
  Compound of du- 'bad' + kha 'space'; the canonical term for unsatisfactoriness and distress in the Buddha's teaching.
• upa- — prefix · up close to, near, alongside
  Carries the spatial sense of proximity and approach into abstract meaning; cognate with Greek hypo-, Latin sub-, English up.
• dhā- — root · place, put, set
  Cognate with English 'do', Sanskrit dhātum; the root that undergirds the metaphor of placing suffering near another.
• -na — ending · nominalizing suffix
  Forms an abstract noun from the verb phrase, marking the action or state of placing.

Analysis. para- (other, another) + dukkha- (suffering, pain) + upadhāna (placing near, placing up to); compound meaning 'placing suffering up close to another person', hence imposing or inflicting suffering on others.

Etymology. A doctrinal compound of para 'other' (from PIE *per- 'forward, through', cognate with English 'far', 'further'), dukkha 'suffering' (du- 'bad' + kha 'space', literally 'bad space'), and upadhāna from upa- 'near, up close to' (cognate with Greek hypo-, Latin sub-) + √dhā 'place, put' (cognate with English 'do', Sanskrit dhātum). The prefix upa- carries its concrete sense of approach and proximity into the abstract meaning of 'taking up' or 'setting near', making the whole term vivid: suffering placed close against another.

Meanings from the Digital Pāḷi Dictionary; morphology and etymology by Claude.

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