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paravittūpakaraṇaṁ

paravittūpakaraṇa

neuter nominative/accusative singular noun, or masculine accusative singular (Vin reading)

1. taking up others' property
2. theft of another's goods
3. misappropriation

Built from

• para — prefix · other, another's
  From PIE *per- (forward, across); used in Pali to mark what belongs to others or the external world.
• vitta — stem · wealth, property
  Past participle of √vid (to find, acquire, know), hence 'what is acquired'; cognate to English wit and Latin vidēre (see, know).
• ū — prefix · up, out
  Variant of ud-; marks motion upward or outward in the spatial image of 'taking up.'
• kara — root · make, do
  √kr̥; the root of action and causation; here in the nominal form karaṇa 'action, making.'
• ṇa — ending · abstract noun
  Nominalizing suffix (-ana/-aṇa) that turns a verb-root into a noun of action or instrument; creates neuter or masculine nouns expressing the act of doing.

Analysis. para- (others') + vitta (wealth, property) + ūpakaraṇa (taking up, appropriation). A compound of para 'other, another' + vitta (past participle of√vid 'to find, know', hence 'what is known/acquired, property') + ūpakaraṇa 'taking near' (upa- + karaṇa 'action, making'), forming a unit meaning wrongful appropriation of another's wealth.

Etymology. vitta is the past participle of √vid (cognate to English wit, know; Latin vidēre; Sanskrit vid-); ūpakaraṇa combines upa- (up close to, near) + √kr̥ (make, do), showing the concrete image of taking something up close. The compound expresses acquisition of what is not one's own — a monastic offense.

Meanings from the Digital Pāḷi Dictionary; morphology and etymology by Claude.

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