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parinibbāyati

pr 3rd sg of parinibbāyati (verb)

1. (of mental defilement) is completely quenched; is entirely emancipated; is completely cooled; lit. completely blows away
2. (of an arahant) dies one's last death; attains final emancipation; lit. completely blows away
3. (of bad behaviour) settles down; cool down; subsides; lit. completely blows away

Built from

• pari- — prefix · around, completely
  Conveys completeness and encompassing totality, turning the image of extinguishing into ultimate and irreversible emancipation.
• ni- — prefix · down, out
  Directs motion downward and outward; here intensifies the sense of blowing away or extinguishing (fire blown down and away).
• vā- — root · blow, quench
  From Indo-European *u̯eh₂- 'blow' (English weather, Latin ventus 'wind'); the concrete image of wind extinguishing fire underlies the metaphor of liberation as cooling.
• -yati — ending · 3rd singular present
  Marks the third person singular present indicative active, expressing customary or habitual action in the timeless present.

Analysis. pari- (around, completely) + nibbāyati (is quenched, is cooled); from the root √vā 'blow' via nibbāna 'the blowing out', with pari- making the extinguishing total and ultimate.

Etymology. Pali pari- + nibbāyati derives from Sanskrit pari- + nirvāti, ultimately from Indo-European *u̯eh₂- 'blow' (English weather, Latin ventus 'wind'). The prefix pari- conveys completion and encompassing (Greek peri- 'around'), turning the image of cooling fire into the ultimate cooling of all craving and suffering. The noun nibbāna (Skt. nirvāṇa) means the fire blown out—nis- 'out' + vāna 'blown'—encoding emancipation as the extinguishing of the three fires of greed, hatred, and delusion.

Meanings from the Digital Pāḷi Dictionary; morphology and etymology by Claude.

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