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sāṅgaṇova

sāṅgaṇa

adjective; nominative singular masculine (sāṅgaṇova = sāṅgaṇo + va, emphatic particle)

1. blemished; defiled; impure; lit. with blemish

Built from

• sa- — prefix · with, having
  Marks possession or accompaniment; related to English 'same' and Latin simul. Here it means 'possessed of' or 'accompanied by'.
• aṅgaṇa — root · blemish, fault
  Cognate with Sanskrit aṅgana (defect, stain). The concrete image is a visible mark or discoloration, extended to moral defilement.
• -o — ending · nominative singular masculine
  Marks the nominative case and singular number in masculine nouns of the a-stem class.
• va — prefix · emphatic particle
  Enclitic postposed particle emphasizing or affirming the preceding word; does not inflect.

Analysis. sāṅgaṇo (nominative singular of sāṅgaṇa, 'with blemish') + va (emphatic particle, 'indeed, surely'), forming an emphatic statement: 'defiled indeed' or 'blemished certainly'.

Etymology. sa- (with, together: prefix meaning 'having' or 'possessed of') + aṅgaṇa (blemish, defect, stain). The root aṅgaṇa is cognate with Sanskrit aṅgana, meaning blemish or fault. The prefix sa- (related to Latin simul, 'together') here marks possession: 'having blemish' → 'defiled'. The word belongs to the canon's ethical vocabulary, describing moral impurity as a visible stain.

Meanings from the Digital Pāḷi Dictionary; morphology and etymology by Claude.

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