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sokehi

soka

masc instr pl of soka (noun); masc abl pl of soka (noun)

1. grief; sorrow; sadness (over)

Built from

• sok- — root · grieve, sorrow
  From PIE *sweḱ- 'to be troubled or weighed down'. The root captures the sense of internal heaviness and mental oppression characteristic of grief in Buddhist analysis.
• -a — ending · masculine nominative
  Masculine singular nominative ending -a; here declined in the instrumental and ablative plural -hi to mark the noun's use with or through sorrow in an utterance.
• -hi — ending · instrumental/ablative plural
  The instrumental and ablative plural ending -hi indicates agency ('by means of sorrows') or separation/source ('from sorrows') depending on verbal context.

Etymology. From Proto-Indo-European *sweḱ- 'to grieve, be sorrowful'. Cognate with Sanskrit śoka (grief, sorrow) and Old Norse sókr (lawsuit, legal dispute — sharing the root sense of pressing concern). The root's concrete sense is 'what weighs on the mind or heart'; in Buddhist contexts, soka is one of the mental states bound up with dukkha (suffering) arising from attachment and aversion.

Meanings from the Digital Pāḷi Dictionary; morphology and etymology by Claude.

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