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tatiyampi

tatiya

ordinal number + api (sandhi form tatiyampi); neuter nominative/accusative

1. tatiya (ordin): third (3rd)
2. tatiya (masc): (gram) third consonant of each vagga; g, j, ḍ, d, b
3. tatiya (adj): true, real
4. tatiyampi (sandhi): for the third time
5. tatiyaṃ (ind): for the third time
6. tatiyā (fem): (gram) instrumental case

Built from

• ta — root · that; it
  Demonstrative base (oblique stem of ta), from proto-Indo-European *to-, shared with English 'that' and 'the'. Here it anchors the ordinal sequence.
• -iya — ending · ordinal suffix
  Forms ordinal numerals (tatiya 'third', dutiya 'second'). Cognate with Latin -arius and Greek -ios, denoting rank or class in a sequence.
• api — prefix · also, even; moreover
  Postpositive particle emphasizing the preceding word. Amplifies the ordinal sense to mean 'for the third time indeed' or 'yet again, the third time'.

Analysis. tatiyaṃ (neuter accusative singular of tatiya, 'third') + api ('also, even, too') — fused by sandhi into tatiyampi. The accusative adverbializes the ordinal: 'in the third instance', hence 'for the third time'.

Etymology. tatiya derives from ta- (the oblique stem of ta, the demonstrative 'that') + the ordinal suffix -iya (cognate with Latin -arius and Greek -ios, denoting order or rank). The base ta- is proto-Indo-European *to-, the same root as English 'the' and 'that'; the ordinal-forming suffix -iya shapes abstract numerical place.

Meanings from the Digital Pāḷi Dictionary; morphology and etymology by Claude.

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