‹ Back to the text

vippamutto

vippamutta

masc nom sg of vippamutta (pp)

1. freed; released; saved (from)

Built from

• vi — prefix · apart, asunder; intensive clarity
  Marks thorough or complete action, here emphasizing full and final release.
• p(a) — prefix · forward, forth; intensifying
  Merged with the root's initial m, creating the pp cluster; adds force and completion to the sense of release.
• muc — root · release, let go, free
  IE root cognate with Latin mutus; the concrete image is untying bonds or casting off fetters.
• ta — ending · past participle
  Marks the word as a past participle in the masculine nominative singular, expressing completed action — the state of being freed.

Analysis. vi + ppa + mutta: 'apart/asunder' + intensive + 'released'; lit. 'released asunder', thoroughly freed or emancipated from saṁsāra or defilements.

Etymology. From vi- (apart, in different directions; intensive clarity) + pa- (forward, forth, intensifying) + √muc (to release, let go). The doubling of p in vippamutta represents the intensive pa- prefix merging with the root's initial consonant. Cognate with Latin mutus (silent, voiceless — hence 'freed' as losing fetters), and more distantly with English 'muck' (what is cast off). The prefix combination vi-pa- intensifies the sense of complete, thorough liberation.

Meanings from the Digital Pāḷi Dictionary; morphology and etymology by Claude.

Lite mode — plain HTML for e-readers and old browsers. Full version