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yena

ya

masc instr sg of ya (letter); masc instr sg of ya (pron); nt instr sg of ya (pron); masc instr sg of ya (cs)

1. ya (pron): whoever; whatever; whichever
2. ya (letter): (gram) letter y; 34th letter of the alphabet; palatal semi-vowel
3. ya (cs): (gram) ya; suffix used to form impersonal and passive verbs
4. ya (cs): (gram) ya; conjugational sign of group 3 divādigaṇa verbs
5. yena (pron): by which; with whichever
6. yena (ind): because of; because of which
7. yena (ind): where; wherever; in which direction; to; towards

Analysis. Instrumental singular form of the relative pronoun ya (who, which). Used as an adverbial conjunction introducing relative clauses and causal/locative relations: yena X, tenāhaṁ 'by which X, by that I' (correlative construction).

Etymology. From Indo-European *yo- (who, which), cognate with Latin qui, Greek hos, English who. The instrumental case (originally locative-instrumental) adds the abstract sense 'by means of which, in the manner that'.

Meanings from the Digital Pāḷi Dictionary; morphology and etymology by Claude.

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