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appasaddavinītā

appasaddavinīta

masc nom pl of appasaddavinīta (adj); fem nom sg of appasaddavinīta (adj); fem nom pl of appasaddavinīta (adj); nt nom pl of appasaddavinīta (adj); …

1. trained to be quiet; disciplined in silence

Built from

• appa — root · little, few
  Related to Sanskrit apa 'away'; diminutive sense, hence 'small'. Cognate with Latin paucus 'few'.
• sadda — root · sound, noise
  From Sanskrit śabda. Refers to vocal noise; the compound appa-sadda means silence or quiet speech.
• vi — prefix · apart, asunder
  Prefix meaning separation and clarity; here indicates training that separates one from undisciplined speech.
• nī — root · to lead, carry
  Sanskrit nayati 'leads'; cognate with Latin navis 'ship' (that which moves). To lead apart = to train.
• ta — ending · past participle
  Suffix forming the past participle adjective, marking completed training or discipline.

Analysis. appa + sadda + vinīta: appa 'little, few' + sadda 'sound, noise' + vinīta 'trained, disciplined' (past participle of vineti). Compound meaning: trained in little sound, i.e., trained to restraint of speech. The first two elements form a tatpuruṣa compound (appa-sadda 'little-sound, silence') that modifies the final adjective.

Etymology. appa < *ap-pa, from √ap 'to reach, attain' (with diminutive -pa), hence 'small, little'; cognate with Latin paucus 'few'. sadda < √śabda (Sanskrit), echoing sound; no Indo-European cognate. vinīta is the past participle of vineti 'to lead, train', from vi- 'apart' + √nayati 'to lead' (Sanskrit nayati, cognate with Latin nāvis 'ship', originally 'that which leads/moves'): literally 'led apart (into discipline)'. The compound reflects the monastic ideal of controlled speech as a mark of discipline.

Meanings from the Digital Pāḷi Dictionary; morphology and etymology by Claude.

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