‹ Back to the text

byāpādapariyuṭṭhitena

byāpādapariyuṭṭhita

masc instr sg of byāpādapariyuṭṭhita (adj); nt instr sg of byāpādapariyuṭṭhita (adj)

1. obsessed by dislike; possessed by hatred; consumed by ill-will

Built from

• byāpāda — root · ill-will, aversion
  A compound of byā (a variant of vi-, 'apart', suggesting going astray) and pāda (fault, shortcoming), denoting malice as a falling away from wholesome conduct.
• pari — prefix · around, all the way round
  Indicates complete encirclement or totality; from the same root as Greek peri- (perimeter).
• uṭṭh — root · rise up, swell, stand
  The sense is 'standing up' or 'swelling up'; cognate with English 'out' and German 'aufstehen'. The image is of rising from within, hence 'being beset from within'.
• ita — ending · past participle
  Past participle suffix marking completed action; here forms an adjective meaning 'arisen, standing, enveloped'.
• ena — ending · instrumental singular
  Masculine or neuter instrumental singular ending, marking the agent or instrument (mind consumed by ill-will).

Analysis. byāpāda (ill-will, aversion) + pariyuṭṭhita (enveloped, beset). The compound forms a possessive bahuvrihi: one whose mind is wrapped round by ill-will. Pariyuṭṭhita is the past participle of pariyuṭṭhānati (to beset, envelop), from pari- (around) + uṭṭhā (to rise up, swell). The prefix pari- here conveys the sense of complete encirclement or besetting.

Etymology. byāpāda comprises byā (variant of vi-, apart) + pāda (related to √pad, to fall or fault; literally 'bad-falling'). The word denotes aversion or malice as a falling away from right conduct. pariyuṭṭhita < pari- (all around) + uṭṭhita (arisen, swollen), cognate with English 'out' and German 'aus'. The spatial sense 'standing up around' transfers to 'overwhelming' or 'besetting'.

Meanings from the Digital Pāḷi Dictionary; morphology and etymology by Claude.

Lite mode — plain HTML for e-readers and old browsers. Full version