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samudayo

samudaya

masc nom sg of samudaya (noun)

1. source; origin; origination (of); lit. coming up together
2. revenue; income; lit. coming up together
3. arising; appearance (of); lit. coming up together

Built from

• saṁ — prefix · together; completely
  Brings elements into unified whole; works like Latin con-. Here signals convergence of causes.
• ud — prefix · up; out
  Upward and outward motion; cognate with English 'out', German 'aus'. Adds sense of arising or emergence.
• i — root · go
  √i 'to go'; here the participial stem aya ('going') yields the noun 'a going', hence 'arising', 'origin'.
• a — ending · masculine nominative
  Masculine singular nominative ending, marking samudaya as the subject or predicate nominative in the sentence.

Analysis. saṁ + ud + aya: 'coming together upward', the rising together of conditions. In the Four Noble Truths, samudayo denotes the arising of dukkha through the convergence of causes and conditions.

Etymology. saṁ (together) + ud (up, out) + √i (go): literally 'going up together'. The prefix saṁ brings things into one; ud adds the sense of upward emergence or arising. Cognate with English 'out' (ud-) and Greek eu- in its spatial sense of outward movement. The compound imagery—multiple streams converging and rising—captures how dependent origination (paṭiccasamuppāda) works: conditions arise together.

Meanings from the Digital Pāḷi Dictionary; morphology and etymology by Claude.

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