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tatrāpi

tatra

ind (sandhi: tatra + api)

1. tatra (ind): there; in that place
2. tatra (ind): in that case; in that regard; in this matter; in this connection
3. tatrāpi (sandhi): even in that case; even in that situation; even then

Built from

• tat — root · that
  Demonstrative root from PIE *tod-. Cognates: English that, German das, Latin iste. The locative form tatra ('there, in that case') specifies a place or circumstance.
• -ra — ending · locative
  Pali locative adverbial suffix, forming spatial and temporal adverbs from demonstratives.
• api — prefix · even, also
  Enclitic particle from PIE *api (off, away); cognates: Latin ab, Greek apo, English off. Used here as a concessive particle adding force: 'even in that case' rather than mere 'in that case.'

Analysis. tatra (locative adverb, 'there, in that case') + api (enclitic particle, 'even, also'); the sandhi assimilates tatra + api to tatrāpi. api adds concessive force to the locative reference: 'even in that circumstance.'

Etymology. tatra is the locative form of tat (that), from PIE *tod- (that, there), cognate with Latin iste, Greek to, English that; api is an enclitic from PIE *api (off, away), akin to Latin ab, Greek apo, English off — here used as a concessive particle meaning 'even' or 'also', retaining the sense of 'in addition to' what one might expect.

Meanings from the Digital Pāḷi Dictionary; morphology and etymology by Claude.

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