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thinamiddhapariyuṭṭhito

thinamiddhapariyuṭṭhita

masc nom sg of thinamiddhapariyuṭṭhita (adj)

1. obsessed by dullness and drowsiness; consumed by sloth and torpor

Built from

• thina — root · sloth, laziness
  One of the five hindrances to meditation; a mental factor of heaviness and lack of energy.
• middha — root · torpor, drowsiness
  Mental fog and torpidity; paired with thina as a single hindrance in the list of five.
• pari — prefix · around, all sides
  Cognate to Greek peri- (perimeter). Indicates completeness or encirclement.
• ud — prefix · up, out
  Cognate to English out. Here combines with √ṭhā to suggest rising or surging upward.
• ṭhā — root · stand, place, be
  Cognate to Greek στάσις (stasis, standing). The core spatial verb underlying the sense of occupation or seizure.
• ita — ending · past participle
  Passive participle suffix; marks the person as having undergone the action of being overwhelmed.

Analysis. Compound: thina (sloth, laziness) + middha (torpor, mental fog) + pariyuṭṭhita (overwhelmed, seized all around). The two mental hindrances thina and middha are brought together as a compound subject, then modified by pariyuṭṭhita—one is seized or gripped by them on all sides.

Etymology. pariyuṭṭhita is pari- (around, completely) + ud- (up, out) + √ṭhā (stand, be placed); the spatial imagery of being stood-upon-all-around-and-upward captures the sense of being overwhelmed or obsessed. Cognate to Greek στάσις (stasis, standing position). Thina and middha are native Pali terms for the fifth and sixth mental hindrances (nīvaraṇa).

Meanings from the Digital Pāḷi Dictionary; morphology and etymology by Claude.

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