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ubhayabyābādhāyapi

ubhayabyābādha

dative singular masculine + api (enclitic particle)

1. hurting both; affliction of both; harm to both (self and other)

Built from

• ubhaya — root · both
  From an old dual or reciprocal root; the concrete sense of 'embracing' or 'bending around both' underlies the abstract 'both' or 'pair'.
• byābādha — stem · affliction, harm
  Compound of vi- (apart, asunder) + ā- (toward) + √bhañj (break); the concrete image is of breaking or fracturing that moves inward, hence suffering or affliction. Sanskrit vyābādha, Greek φράσσω 'to break, obstruct'.
• āya — ending · dative singular
  Marks the dative case, expressing the goal, purpose, or reason for which an action is done; here 'for the sake of the affliction of both'.
• api — prefix · also, even, indeed
  Enclitic particle emphasizing or adding to the preceding phrase; gives the sense 'even for the affliction of both' or 'also regarding affliction of both'.

Analysis. ubhaya (both) + byābādha (affliction, harm); the dative ubhayabyābādhāya (to/for the affliction of both) + api (also, even) forms an adverbial phrase expressing the reason or circumstance of an action.

Etymology. ubhaya from √ubh (bend, curve, embrace) expressing duality; byābādha from vi- (apart) + ā- (toward) + √bhañj (break), literally 'breaking apart toward', hence affliction or suffering that divides or harms. The prefix vi- adds the sense of separation and distancing; ā- reverses the motion of √bhañj inward. Compare Sanskrit vyābādha (obstruction, disease).

Meanings from the Digital Pāḷi Dictionary; morphology and etymology by Claude.

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