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uddhataavūpasantacittasandosahetu
ind
- due to the defilement of being agitated and having an unsettled mind
Built from
- ud — prefix · up, out
Spatial prefix meaning upward emergence; cognate with English 'out', German 'aus'. Here it marks the arising or springing forth of mental agitation.
- dhata — stem · placed, held
Past participle of √dhā (place, put); carries the sense of being held in or dominated by a state. Combined with ud-, uddhata means 'held up, elevated' → agitated, excitable.
- a — prefix · not, without
Privative prefix meaning negation or absence. Cognate with English 'un-', Greek 'a(n)-'. Here marks the absence of the quality following.
- vū — prefix · up, out
Variant of vi- or ava-, meaning upward or outward motion; here contributing to the sense of disturbance.
- pasanta — stem · calmed, quieted
Past participle of √pas or √sam + upa + √i, meaning settled or at peace. The a-vūpasanta compounds mean 'not-settled, unquieted'.
- citta — stem · mind, heart
Nominative singular neuter; the object of the agitation. Related to √cit 'think, perceive'.
- sandosa — stem · defilement, corruption
Derived from √dus or √sand, denoting the tainting or corrupting of the mind. A key term in Buddhist psychology for mental impurity.
- hetu — stem · cause, reason
Nominative singular; marks the entire compound as a causal agent. Root √hetu, related to Sanskrit hetu; used in Pali doctrine to denote conditioning causes (Paṭiccasamuppāda).
- Ø — ending · indeclinable
The whole compound functions as an indeclinable (avyaya), used adverbially to express the motivating cause or condition.
Analysis. Compound: uddhata- (agitated, excited) + a- (non-, without) + vūpasanta- (unsettled, unquieted) + citta- (mind) + sandosa- (defilement, corruption) + hetu (cause, reason). The structure runs: [uddhata + a-vūpasanta]-citta-sandosa-hetu, yielding 'the defilement of agitation and an unsettled mind, as a cause/reason'.