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Majjhima Nikāya 141

Saccavibhaṅgasutta

The Analysis of the Truths · Translation: Bhikkhu Sujato, SuttaCentral

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thusEvaṁ by meme heardsutaṁ—
oneekaṁ timesamayaṁ the Blessed Onebhagavā near Varanasibārāṇasiyaṁ was stayingviharati at Isipatanaisipatane in the deer parkmigadāye.
thereTatra indeedkho the Blessed Onebhagavā the mendicantsbhikkhū addressedāmantesi:
"Mendicants!"“bhikkhavo”ti.
"Venerable sir,"“Bhadante”ti theyte those mendicantsbhikkhū to the Blessed Onebhagavato repliedpaccassosuṁ.
the Blessed OneBhagavā said thisetadavoca:

by the Realized One“Tathāgatena, monksbhikkhave, by the perfected onearahatā by the fully awakened Buddhasammāsambuddhena near Varanasibārāṇasiyaṁ at Isipatanaisipatane in the deer parkmigadāye supremeanuttaraṁ Wheel of Dhammadhammacakkaṁ rolled forthpavattitaṁ cannot be rolled backappaṭivattiyaṁ by any asceticsamaṇena orvā by any brahminbrāhmaṇena orvā by any goddevena orvā by Māramārena orvā by divinitybrahmunā orvā by anyonekenaci orvā in the worldlokasmiṁ, that is to sayyadidaṁ—
of the fourcatunnaṁ noble truthsariyasaccānaṁ teachingācikkhanā advocatingdesanā establishingpaññāpanā establishingpaṭṭhapanā clarifyingvivaraṇā analyzingvibhajanā revealinguttānīkammaṁ.
of whatKatamesaṁ fourcatunnaṁ?

of sufferingDukkhassa of the noble truthariyasaccassa explainingācikkhanā teachingdesanā proclaimingpaññāpanā establishingpaṭṭhapanā revealingvivaraṇā analyzingvibhajanā making clearuttānīkammaṁ, of the origin of sufferingdukkhasamudayassa of the noble truthariyasaccassa explainingācikkhanā teachingdesanā proclaimingpaññāpanā establishingpaṭṭhapanā revealingvivaraṇā analyzingvibhajanā making clearuttānīkammaṁ, of the cessation of sufferingdukkhanirodhassa of the noble truthariyasaccassa explainingācikkhanā teachingdesanā proclaimingpaññāpanā establishingpaṭṭhapanā revealingvivaraṇā analyzingvibhajanā making clearuttānīkammaṁ, of the practice leading to the cessation of sufferingdukkhanirodhagāminiyā of the practicepaṭipadāya of the noble truthariyasaccassa explainingācikkhanā teachingdesanā proclaimingpaññāpanā establishingpaṭṭhapanā revealingvivaraṇā analyzingvibhajanā making clearuttānīkammaṁ.

by the Realized OneTathāgatena, O monksbhikkhave, by the perfected onearahatā by the fully awakened onesammāsambuddhena at Varanasibārāṇasiyaṁ at Isipatanaisipatane in the deer parkmigadāye supremeanuttaraṁ the Wheel of Dhammadhammacakkaṁ rolled forthpavattitaṁ not to be rolled backappaṭivattiyaṁ by an asceticsamaṇena orvā by a brahminbrāhmaṇena orvā by a goddevena orvā by Māramārena orvā by a divinitybrahmunā orvā by anyonekenaci orvā in the worldlokasmiṁ, that is to sayyadidaṁ—
of theseimesaṁ of the fourcatunnaṁ of the noble truthsariyasaccānaṁ the teachingācikkhanā the advocatingdesanā the establishingpaññāpanā the clarifyingpaṭṭhapanā the analyzingvivaraṇā the revealingvibhajanā the making plainuttānīkammaṁ.

you should cultivateSevatha, mendicantsbhikkhave, Sāriputta and Moggallānasāriputtamoggallāne;
you should associate withbhajatha, mendicantsbhikkhave, Sāriputta and Moggallānasāriputtamoggallāne.
astutePaṇḍitā mendicantsbhikkhū supportersanuggāhakā of spiritual companionssabrahmacārīnaṁ.
just asSeyyathāpi, mendicantsbhikkhave, one who gives birthjanetā, soevaṁ Sāriputtasāriputto;
just asseyyathāpi of one bornjātassa one who raisesāpādetā, soevaṁ Moggallānamoggallāno.
SāriputtaSāriputto, mendicantsbhikkhave, in the fruit of stream-entrysotāpattiphale guidesvineti, Moggallānamoggallāno to the highest goaluttamatthe.
SāriputtaSāriputto, mendicantsbhikkhave, is ablepahoti the fourcattāri noble truthsariyasaccāni in detailvitthārena to explainācikkhituṁ to teachdesetuṁ to assertpaññāpetuṁ to establishpaṭṭhapetuṁ to clarifyvivarituṁ to analyzevibhajituṁ to revealuttānīkātun”ti.

this he saidIdamavoca the Blessed Onebhagavā.
thisIdaṁ having spokenvatvāna the Holy Onesugato from his seat he roseuṭṭhāyāsanā dwellingvihāraṁ he enteredpāvisi.

thereTatra thenkho venerableāyasmā Sāriputtasāriputto of one not long departedacirapakkantassa of the Blessed Onebhagavato mendicantsbhikkhū addressedāmantesi:
reverends“āvuso mendicantsbhikkhave”ti.
“Reverend,”“Āvuso”ti thenkho thosete mendicantsbhikkhū of venerableāyasmato Sāriputtasāriputtassa repliedpaccassosuṁ.
VenerableĀyasmā Sāriputtasāriputto said thisetadavoca:

by the Realized One“Tathāgatena, friendāvuso, by the perfected onearahatā by the fully awakened Buddhasammāsambuddhena near Varanasibārāṇasiyaṁ at Isipatanaisipatane in the deer parkmigadāye supremeanuttaraṁ Wheel of Dhammadhammacakkaṁ rolled forthpavattitaṁ cannot be rolled backappaṭivattiyaṁ by any asceticsamaṇena orvā by any brahminbrāhmaṇena orvā by any goddevena orvā by Māramārena orvā by divinitybrahmunā orvā by anyonekenaci orvā in the worldlokasmiṁ, that isyadidaṁ—
of the fourcatunnaṁ of the noble truthsariyasaccānaṁ teachingācikkhanā advocatingdesanā establishingpaññāpanā clarifyingpaṭṭhapanā analyzingvivaraṇā revealingvibhajanā making clearuttānīkammaṁ.
of whichKatamesaṁ of the fourcatunnaṁ?

of sufferingDukkhassa of the noble truthariyasaccassa explanationācikkhanā teachingdesanā declarationpaññāpanā establishmentpaṭṭhapanā disclosurevivaraṇā analysisvibhajanā clarification,uttānīkammaṁ, of the origin of sufferingdukkhasamudayassa of the noble truthariyasaccassa explanationācikkhanā teachingdesanā declarationpaññāpanā establishmentpaṭṭhapanā disclosurevivaraṇā analysisvibhajanā clarification,uttānīkammaṁ, of the cessation of sufferingdukkhanirodhassa of the noble truthariyasaccassa explanationācikkhanā teachingdesanā declarationpaññāpanā establishmentpaṭṭhapanā disclosurevivaraṇā analysisvibhajanā clarification,uttānīkammaṁ, of the practice leading to the cessation of sufferingdukkhanirodhagāminiyā of the practicepaṭipadāya of the noble truthariyasaccassa explanationācikkhanā teachingdesanā declarationpaññāpanā establishmentpaṭṭhapanā disclosurevivaraṇā analysisvibhajanā clarification.uttānīkammaṁ.

and whatKatamañcāvuso, sufferingdukkhaṁ noble truthariyasaccaṁ?
rebirth isJātipi sufferingdukkhā, old age isjarāpi sufferingdukkhā, death ismaraṇampi sufferingdukkhaṁ, sorrow, lamentation, pain, sadness, and distress aresokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsāpi sufferingdukkhā, what one wishes foryampicchaṁ notna getslabhati that too istampi sufferingdukkhaṁ; in briefsaṅkhittena the five grasping aggregatespañcupādānakkhandhā sufferingdukkhā.

whatKatamā and, friendcāvuso, birth?jāti?
whichYā of thosetesaṁ of thosetesaṁ of beingssattānaṁ in thistamhi in thistamhi order of sentient beingssattanikāye rebirthjāti inceptionsañjāti conceptionokkanti regenerationabhinibbatti of the aggregateskhandhānaṁ manifestationpātubhāvo of the sense fieldsāyatanānaṁ acquisition,paṭilābho,
thisayaṁ is called, friend:vuccatāvuso: 'rebirth'.‘jāti’.

whatKatamā and, friendcāvuso, old agejarā?
that whichYā of thosetesaṁ of thosetesaṁ of beingssattānaṁ in thistamhi in thistamhi in the order of beingssattanikāye old agejarā decrepitudejīraṇatā broken teethkhaṇḍiccaṁ grey hairpāliccaṁ wrinkly skinvalittacatā of vitalityāyuno diminishingsaṁhāni of the facultiesindriyānaṁ failingparipāko,
thisayaṁ is called, friendvuccatāvuso: old age‘jarā’.

and what, friend,Katamañcāvuso, death?maraṇaṁ?
whichYā of thosetesaṁ of thosetesaṁ of sentient beingssattānaṁ from thattamhā from thattamhā order of sentient beingssattanikāyā passing awaycuti passing oncavanatā disintegrationbhedo demiseantaradhānaṁ mortalitymaccu deathmaraṇaṁ deceasekālaṅkiriyā of the aggregateskhandhānaṁ breaking upbhedo of the corpsekaḷevarassa laying to restnikkhepo cutting off of the life faculty,jīvitindriyassupacchedo,
thisidaṁ is called, friend:vuccatāvuso: ‘death’.‘maraṇaṁ’.

whatKatamo and, friend,cāvuso, sorrow?soko?
whichYo indeed,kho, friend,āvuso, by someaññataraññatarena by misfortunebyasanena of one undergonesamannāgatassa by someaññataraññatarena by dukkha-dhammadukkhadhammena of one experiencedphuṭṭhassa sorrowsoko sorrowingsocanā state of sorrowsocitattaṁ inner sorrowantosoko inner deep sorrow,antoparisoko,
thisayaṁ is called, friend:vuccatāvuso: ‘sorrow’.‘soko’.

whichKatamo and, friend,cāvuso, lamentation?paridevo?
that whichYo indeed,kho, friend,āvuso, by some misfortune or otheraññataraññatarena by misfortunebyasanena of one endowed withsamannāgatassa by some suffering state or otheraññataraññatarena by a state of sufferingdukkhadhammena of one touchedphuṭṭhassa wailādevo lamentparidevo wailingādevanā lamentingparidevanā state of wailingādevitattaṁ state of lamenting,paridevitattaṁ,
thisayaṁ is called, friend:vuccatāvuso: ‘lamentation’.‘paridevo’.

and whatKatamañcāvuso, paindukkhaṁ?
whatYaṁ indeedkho, friendāvuso, physicalkāyikaṁ paindukkhaṁ physicalkāyikaṁ unpleasantnessasātaṁ born from physical contactkāyasamphassajaṁ paindukkhaṁ unpleasantasātaṁ feelingvedayitaṁ,
thisidaṁ is calledvuccatāvuso: pain‘dukkhaṁ’.

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